A/HRC/17/44 Contents I. II. III. Paragraphs Page Acronyms and abbreviations ............................................................................................................ 4 Introduction ............................................................................................................. 1–19 5 A. Mandate and methods of work ........................................................................ 1–10 5 B. Challenges faced by the Commission ............................................................. 11–13 7 C. Cooperation with Governments and other institutions .................................... 14–18 8 D. Acknowledgements......................................................................................... 19 9 The Commission‟s findings of violations of international human rights law and international humanitarian law ................................................................................ 20–70 9 A. Introduction .................................................................................................... 20–25 9 B. The events from February 2011 ...................................................................... 26–35 11 C. Categories of security groups participating in the events ............................... 36–49 14 D. International legal framework for the Commission‟s analysis .......................... 50–70 17 Violations ................................................................................................................ 71–225 23 A. Excessive use of force against demonstrators ................................................. 72–89 23 B. Arbitrary detentions and enforced disappearances ......................................... 90–110 28 C. Torture and other forms of ill-treatment ......................................................... 111–119 32 D. Denial of access to medical treatment ............................................................ 120–129 34 E. Freedom of expression .................................................................................... 130–144 36 F. Attacks on civilians, civilian objects, protected persons and objects .............. 145–170 41 G. Prohibited weapons ......................................................................................... 171–179 49 H. Use of mercenaries ......................................................................................... 180–191 51 I. Migrant workers.............................................................................................. 192–201 54 J. Sexual violence ............................................................................................... 202–209 58 K. Children in armed conflict .............................................................................. 210–217 60 L. NATO use of force ......................................................................................... 218–225 62 IV. Assessment and findings ........................................................................................ 226–257 64 V. Recommendations ................................................................................................... 258–261 69 I. Programme of work of the International Commission of Inquiry on Libya ..................................... 71 II. Glossary of terms ............................................................................................................................. 76 III. Members States and organizations that submitted information to the International Commission of Inquiry ......................................................................................................................................... 77 Annexes 3