A/HRC/41/42 Ms. Coomaraswamy, served on the mandate from 1994 to 2003. During that time, she presented 15 country visit reports, including a joint visit report to three State parties (E/CN.4/2001/73/Add.2), and 11 thematic reports to the Commission on Human Rights. Ms. Coomaraswamy was involved in pioneering work in relation to standard-setting on all forms of violence against women, including the development of a framework for model legislation on domestic violence (E/CN.4/1996/53/Add.2). During her tenure, the issue of violence against women was new on the human rights agenda, and the focus was primarily on encouraging States to accept international standards, to pass appropriate legislation and to establish mechanisms to combat violence against women. In her final report of 2003, Ms. Coomaraswamy indicated that the first decade of the mandate had emphasized standardsetting and awareness, while the next decade should focus on strategies for a more effective implementation. 64. The second Special Rapporteur, Ms. Ertürk, served as the mandate holder from 2003 to 2009. During her tenure, she produced 17 country reports and 7 thematic reports, of which 4 were presented to the Commission on Human Rights, while the remainder were submitted to the Human Rights Council. During that period, the scope of the mandate was expanded, with the Council requesting in its resolution 7/24 that the mandate holder present reports to the General Assembly and oral reports to the Commission on the Status of Women.25 By presenting to both the Assembly and Commission on the Status of Women, the visibility of the mandate was increased. However, the additional reporting was not supported by adequate resources. Ms. Ertürk also produced a report on 15 years of the mandate. 26 In her first report, on developing effective implementation of international norms to end violence against women (E/CN.4/2004/66), she emphasized implementation and accountability as priority areas of the mandate and noted that “prevention” should be part of due diligence obligation of States. Ms. Ertürk also noted that, in order to ensure follow-up, international agencies, including the United Nations, should ensure adequate planning, budgeting and resource allocation in the future as part of facilitating compliance and accountability. In that regard, Ms. Ertürk emphasized the need to complement the mandate with a sustainable funding source from which funds could be channelled to the implementation of recommendations made following official country visits. 65. The third mandate holder, Ms. Manjoo served from 2009 to 2015, during which time she produced 19 country visit reports and 11 thematic reports, 6 of which were presented to the Human Rights Council and 5 were submitted to the General Assembly. Oral reports were also made to the Commission on the Status of Women. She also elaborated a report on 20 years of the mandate (A/HRC/26/38). During her tenure, she held a number of regional consultations with civil society organizations, which was good practice.27 She continued to focus on the due diligence obligation of State parties, particularly in relation to providing reparations to victims of violence. She also indicated that, while the mandate had given some attention to autonomous bodies on violence against women through country visit reports, consolidated standard-setting in relation to such mechanisms at the domestic level had yet to be implemented, particularly in relation to encouraging inclusion of gender-based concerns, or to strengthen the autonomy and role of those institutions/mechanism. 66. The current Special Rapporteur, Ms. Simonovic, commenced her tenure in July 2015. She has been entrusted with producing two thematic reports per year, one of which is presented to the Human Rights Council and the other to the General Assembly. The number of country visits that can be conducted by the mandate holder has been reduced to two per year, owing to financial constraints. To date, she has produced nine country visit reports and six thematic reports 28 on the following issues: violence against women in politics (A/73/301), an issue that was previously overlooked; online violence against women and girls (A/HRC/38/47), which is an emerging issue that poses significant challenges; the adequacy of the international legal framework on violence against women (A/72/134); the 25 26 27 28 See Human Rights Council resolution 7/24, para. 12. See www.ohchr.org/Documents/Issues/Women/15YearReviewofVAWMandate.pdf. Unfortunately, the mandate holder has been unable to continue that practice owing to financial constraints. Including three to the Human Rights Council and three to the General Assembly. 13