A/HRC/21/59 contribution to host countries. In this regard media needs to be engaged to be more balanced, and to contribute to educational campaigns promoting understanding and tolerance for diversity, including culture and religion. (b) Other stakeholders such as Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs), community and religious leaders need to be engaged to promote tolerance and understanding with a view to preventing the occurrence of xenophobic acts and/or violence, to facilitate support and assist the victims. Education Education was considered an important tool in the fight against Xenophobia. Education of the society, through various programmes that target host communities, law enforcement agencies, children, etc. was also crucial in changing people‘s attitudes. Data and/matrix of xenophobia globally The issue of data, in particular disaggregated data, or even mapping/developing a matrix on reported xenophobic incidents, was seen as important evidence of the manifestation of Xenophobia as a global phenomenon. It is worth noting that a number of countries where xenophobic attacks and/or incidents had arisen were highlighted, with a view to demonstrating the virulence of xenophobia across all sectors and globally. Social inclusion (a) It was highlighted that social exclusion, poverty, inequalities, power relations, history of violence (colonization, slavery, prohibition, racist laws, etc.) and other factors contribute to the rise and prevalence of xenophobia. An appeal was made that efforts should be directed at ensuring social inclusion of foreign nationals into the receiving communities. (b) Strategies to address xenophobia need to include effective communication and coordination mechanisms to facilitate a rapid response given the increasing xenophobic incidents, as well as training of the police/law enforcement agencies on human rights standards and on evidence collection to prevent re-victimization of victims. D. Recommendations: Xenophobia 21. The work undertaken in the Ad Hoc Committee needs to continue its focus on the plight of victims, to ensure unconditional respect for human dignity. In this regard I consider that it would be useful to explore possibilities of an international regulatory framework for xenophobia given the more aggressive manifestations of xenophobia, which need stronger measures. 22. While there is no normative definition of Xenophobia, there is a need to distinguish it from ethnocentrism. It may be recalled that Xenophobia is a new form and manifestation of racism and racial discrimination, which emanated from a global white power system and a legacy of the past which we have all inherited. There is huge evidence in this regard, of the importance of dealing with this scourge, irrespective of the availability of legal instruments. 23. I wish to recall that in the case of my own country South Africa, notwithstanding that the ICERD provided for the criminalization and combating of racial discrimination, a phenomenon which occurred in a specific part of the world, there was determination and worldwide condemnation including through United Nations resolutions, and recognition by the international community that Apartheid was a specific manifestation of racial 20