A/HRC/22/53 (f) Ensure special protection of minority and marginalized groups and individuals as a critical component of the obligation to prevent torture and illtreatment126 by, inter alia, investing in and offering marginalized individuals a wide range of voluntary supports that enable them to exercise their legal capacity and that fully respect their individual autonomy, will and preferences. 1. Denial of pain relief 86. The Special Rapporteur calls upon all States to: (a) Adopt a human rights-based approach to drug control as a matter of priority to prevent the continuing violations of rights stemming from the current approaches to curtailing supply and demand (A/65/255, para. 48). Ensure that national drug control laws recognize the indispensible nature of narcotic and psychotropic drugs for the relief of pain and suffering; review national legislation and administrative procedures to guarantee adequate availability of those medicines for legitimate medical uses; (b) Ensure full access to palliative care and overcome current regulatory, educational and attitudinal obstacles that restrict availability to essential palliative care medications, especially oral morphine. States should devise and implement policies that promote widespread understanding about the therapeutic usefulness of controlled substances and their rational use; (c) Develop and integrate palliative care into the public health system by including it in all national health plans and policies, curricula and training programmes and developing the necessary standards, guidelines and clinical protocols. 2. Compulsory detention for medical reasons 87. The Special Rapporteur calls upon all States to: (a) Close compulsory drug detention and “rehabilitation” centres without delay and implement voluntary, evidence-based and rights-based health and social services in the community. Undertake investigations to ensure that abuses, including torture or cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment, are not taking place in privatelyrun centres for the treatment of drug dependence; (b) Cease support for the operation of existing drug detention centres or the creation of new centres. Any decision to provide funding should be made only following careful risk assessment. If provided, any such funds should be clearly timelimited and provided only on the conditions that the authorities (a) commit to a rapid process for closing drug detention centres and reallocating said resources to scaling up voluntary, community-based, evidence-based services for treatment of drug dependence; and (b) replace punitive approaches and compulsory elements to drug treatment with other, evidence-based efforts to prevent HIV and other drug-related harms. Such centres, while still operating as the authorities move to close them, are subject to fully independent monitoring; (c) Establish an effective mechanism for monitoring dependence treatment practices and compliance with international norms; 126 22 See Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, general comment No. 14, para. 43 (a)-(f).