A/HRC/32/24 especially the rights to life, to health, to food and to environmental protection, now and in the future. One of its most substantial projected impacts was on caloric availability. By 2050, climate change was expected to result in an additional 24 million undernourished children. Elevated carbon dioxide levels were not only causing climate change, but also directly decreasing the protein, mineral and vitamin content for many staple food crops. The right to food in developing countries was particularly compromised and the resulting impacts were disproportionately borne by poor women, children and other vulnerable people, who had contributed the least to the problem. 22. By 2050, climate change was predicted to increase severe child stunting by 23 per cent in central sub-Saharan Africa and by 62 per cent in South Asia. Simultaneously, increased global demand for animal foods and appetite for meat as a sign of wealth in the developing world presented huge implications for climate change and human health. A meat-based diet had a very high impact on emissions and was associated with increased risks for non-communicable diseases when compared to more sustainable diets. 23. Adequately addressing the complex challenges posed by climate change required a theory of change that placed people’s right to life and to health at the centre of sustainable development efforts. The Paris Agreement recognized human rights and the additional benefits to health of mitigation actions. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change had identified actions that reduced emissions and at the same time improved health. These included: reducing local emissions of air pollutants from energy systems through improved energy efficiency and cleaner energy sources; designing transport systems that promote active transport leading to lower emissions and better health; shifting consumption away from animal products towards more sustainable and healthier diets; and providing access to reproductive health services, including modern family planning, to improve child and maternal health. 24. Human rights needed to be considered in national climate adaptation plans, disaster risk reduction and the work of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Climate finance should support effective measures that bring additional health benefits and respect gender equality and equity principles. It should be innovative, long term and additional to existing funding for poverty reduction and sustainable development. To ensure gender equity, it was crucial to improve women’s access to education, land, technologies, credit, social protection and resilient health systems. Loss and damage also need to be addressed as a human rights and climate justice issue. In concluding, she called for States as a matter of urgency to cut their emissions in order to limit warming below 1.5 degrees Celsius and commit to helping the most vulnerable to adapt to an increasingly unpredictable world. 25. The Coordinator of the Association for Indigenous Women and Peoples of Chad stated that climate change had direct consequences on indigenous peoples’ health and traditional lifestyles. Whether in the forest, in the Sahel or in the Taiga, the health of indigenous peoples was directly related to the health of the environment, which provided the water they drink, the food they eat and the medicines they use. Her community, the Mbororo, were nomadic herders who were greatly affected by climate. In 2015, the rainy season had been unpredictable and short, thereby threatening herds, reducing milk production and causing the premature death of young cattle. Droughts increased respiratory diseases, diseases related to malnutrition and waterborne diseases, such as cholera. Women and young children were particularly affected. Medicinal plants were becoming rare, threatening the passage of traditional knowledge and community health. 26. She emphasized that these problems were not unique to her community but common to indigenous peoples around the world. This was why they had fought to ensure that the Paris Agreement incorporated human rights, including the rights of indigenous peoples and of women. The Paris Agreement represented a step forward in recognizing indigenous 6

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