A/HRC/40/CRP.1 County and took them to the military barracks. Their circumstances remain unknown at the time of writing.1229 3. SPLA-IO (RM) Violations From early 2018, discontent and tensions erupted within SPLA-IO ranks in Yei River State. The Commission interviewed former SPLA-IO soldiers who stated that by May 2018, they had begun to realize that Equatorians were not just under threat by the SPLA, but also by the Nuer within the SPLA-IO (RM) ranks who were killing, raping women, land-grabbing and looting cattle of the community. 1230 Kakwa commanders in the SPLA-IO complained to their Nuer colleagues: “The crimes that you are committing are the same crimes that government committed in 2013. And this is the reason why we ran to the bush for rebellion. If IO does the same, what kind of change are we going to bring?”1231 As a consequence, Kakwa commanders began to leave the ranks of SPLA-IO in greater numbers. Some decided to join the South Sudan National Movement for Change (SSNMC) political party and the National Salvation Movement (NAS). 1232 Until these massive Kakwa defections started, the SPLA-IO (RM) had controlled of most of rural new Yei River State. Since then, those areas of the new Yei River State that are not under Government control are mostly held by groups led by defected Kakwa commanders with much of the territory of Yei, Lainya, Kajo Keji and Morobo Counties being under the control of NAS.1233 The Commission gathered accounts of SPLA-IO (RM) killings of Kakwa individuals between mid-October 2018 and early January 2019. For example, sometime between 15 and 20 October 2018, SPLA-IO (RM) forces allegedly killed 17 people in Mugwo payam in Yei County. Similarly, in Otogo payam, Morobo County, SPLA-IO (RM) forces allegedly killed four people, whose bodies a witness observed being buried. 1234 However, these incidents require further investigation. The Commission also heard allegations of looting and cattle raiding by SPLA-IO (RM) forces in Lasu payam in Morobo County and the establishment of cattle camps in Kajo Keji and in Payume payam in Morobo County. These are places where the cattle that SPLA-IO (RM) forces had stolen was kept.1235 In this regard, the SPLA-IO forces have reportedly obtained resources, namely recruits and supplies, using coercive methods. A witness told the Commission how SPLA-IO (RM) patrols would visit villages asking for help to fight the Government, requesting “food, if you have goats they will ask for goats, if you have cattle they will ask for cattle. They would also ask you for clothes, sandals. If you refuse they will beat you.” Any refusal to help would lead to accusations: “are you supporting the Government? Are you giving information about our movements to the Government?” It appears from the investigation that the Commission carried out that Bari-speaking NAS soldiers do apply similar pressure for men to join the ranks of their movement including on Ugandan territory.1236 Even refugees who had fled Central Equatoria State told the Commission that they did not feel safe in the refugee settlements in Uganda. One witness reported that he was approached by SPLA Dinka former soldiers whom he recognized. They were reportedly prowling around the camp and making enquiries about camp residents. 1237 4. Attack on Emmanuel Christian College Compound, Goli, 14 May 2018 In addition to the violations set out above, the Commission is particularly alarmed by an attack at a school that occurred in Goli in May 2018. 1229 Witness 1050, ERN 102232-102238, para. 13. Witness 1063, ERN 102249-102253, para. 10. 1231 Witness 1050, ERN 102232-102238, para. 19. 1232 Witness 1050, ERN 102232-102238, para. 22; Witness 1063, ERN 102249-102253, para. 10. 1233 Witness 1063, ERN 102249-102253, para. 12; Witness 1050, ERN 102232-102238, para. 25. 1234 Witness 1050, ERN 102232-102238, para. 18 1235 Witness 1050, ERN 102232-102238, para. 18. 1236 Witness 1074, ERN 102296-102299, paras. 8-10. 1237 Witness 1062, ERN 102275-102285, para. 13. 1230 156