A/HRC/13/26 23. The lead role of OHCHR on transitional justice within the United Nations system provided the Office with the opportunity and the responsibility to explore and develop issues related to transitional justice. OHCHR convened an Expert Workshop on Lessons Learned and Future Directions on Transitional Justice in May 2009, the results of which were provided to the Human Rights Council at its twelfth session. In the area of disarmament, demobilization and reintegration, my Office actively engaged with the Department of Peacekeeping Operations on the development of guidelines to operationalize the role of United Nations agencies in this area. OHCHR also issued a guidance note on national human rights institutions (NHRIs) and organized a regional conference in Africa on the role of NHRIs in facilitating justice and peace, particularly in the establishment of transitional justice mechanisms in post-conflict societies. 24. Impunity is a feature of conflict, and the interaction between human rights law and international humanitarian law is critical to OHCHR efforts to combat impunity. At the request of the Council, OHCHR, in consultation with the International Committee of the Red Cross, organized an expert meeting on the issue of protecting the human rights of civilians in armed conflict. The meeting underlined the complementary and mutually reinforcing nature of human rights law and international humanitarian law and considered appropriate mechanisms to monitor the implementation of human rights in situations of armed conflict. As requested by the Council, a second meeting will take place in 2010. 25. The primary guardians of accountability at the national level, on behalf of the State, are the various components of the formal justice system, including police, judges, military courts, prosecutors, lawyers and corrections staff. Throughout 2009, OHCHR continued to work with these bodies in order to provide them with the knowledge, capacity and willingness to discharge their duties in the context of human rights. Regional colloquia for judges, training on the monitoring of legal systems in peace missions, and the expert promotion of administrative justice as means of securing human rights were used to engage the formal justice system. OHCHR continued to draw particular attention to the rights of detainees, particularly pretrial detainees, following the launch of its year-long campaign on this issue in December 2008, as well as the rights of those sentenced to death. 26. Impunity is facilitated if the rule of law is not underpinned by an appropriate constitutional framework. In 2009, OHCHR continued to provide technical assistance to States on constitution-making and constitutional reform. OHCHR built on its previous work on the prevention of genocide providing technical support to the Secretary-General’s Special Advisers on the Prevention of Genocide and on the Responsibility to Protect, respectively, as well as support to initiatives of Member States. E. Migration 27. The plight of migrants, and particularly migrants in irregular situations, is one of the most critical human rights challenges. Migration can be positive for migrants and home and host societies, but the reality for many migrants is discrimination, exploitation and abuse. OHCHR has continued to advocate, including through its active participation in the Global Migration Group (GMG), a human rights approach to migration which places human rights obligations at the centre and promotes the use of human rights mechanisms to promote and protect the rights of migrant women, men and children at all stages of the migration process. From July to December 2010, OHCHR will take over the rotating chair of the GMG, providing an opportunity to further strengthen its leadership and contribution to United Nations system-wide efforts on migration. 28. Efforts to promote the ratification of the International Convention on the Rights of Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families, including through the coordination of the Steering Committee of the Global Campaign for Ratification of the International 8 GE.09-17604