A/HRC/41/32 of younger generations. In view of the financing and sustainability challenge faced by social security systems in the context of demographic change, the State has a vital role to play in forecasting the long-term balance between resources and expenditure in order to guarantee that institutions will meet their obligations towards older persons. 26. According to recent ILO estimates, 4 at the global level, 68 per cent of people above retirement age receive a pension, either contributory or non-contributory. While significant progress has been made in extending pension system coverage in developing countries, the right of older persons to social protection is not yet a reality for many. In most low-income countries, less than 20 per cent of older persons over the statutory retirement age receive a pension. In many developing countries, a large proportion of older persons still depend heavily on family support. 27. Most older women who have been working at home and in informal sectors throughout their lifetime are excluded from contributory social security and health insurance schemes, which are linked to formal employment (A/HRC/37/32, para. 36). The United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women (UN-Women) issued a policy brief on gender-responsive pension systems, in which several recommendations were made on how pension systems can be transformed to reduce gender gaps and protect women’s income security in old age.5 28. Through its social protection programme, ILO provides countries with assistance through legal advisory services, policy design, cost and financing assessments, actuarial analysis and institutional design to support the introduction or reform of social protection programmes, income security and health care. ILO support includes the implementation or revision of social protection programmes that are gender-sensitive and inclusive, aimed at the unemployed, older persons, persons with disabilities, new mothers, families with children and others, in line with ILO labour and social security standards. For example, ILO, together with other United Nations entities, has supported the Government of Mozambique in updating its basic social protection strategy, which is aimed at significantly expanding coverage for older persons, persons with disabilities and children by 2024. In line with those objectives, the Government has recently tripled the fiscal space allotted for social protection, which has allowed for a marked increase in the number of beneficiaries covered by the basic programmes, rising from 183,000 households in 2008 to 540,000 in 2017. 29. On the occasion of the International Day of Older Persons on 1 October 2018, ILO published a series of resources to help ensure that ongoing and future pension reforms balance pension adequacy and financial sustainability. The toolkit, referred to as the pension primer,6 provides key learning materials on policy options, benefit adequacy, statistics, country cases and pension system design, including the ILO social protection floors cost calculator. D. Promotion of active and healthy ageing 30. WHO defines the concept of healthy ageing as the process of developing and maintaining the functional ability that enables well-being in older age. Functional ability is determined by the intrinsic capacity of individuals, the environments they inhabit and the interaction between them. Moreover, healthy ageing is a process that spans the entire life course and that can be relevant to all individuals, not just those who are currently free of disease. The “Global strategy and action plan on ageing and health 2016–2020: towards a world in which everyone can live a long and healthy life”, adopted in May 2016 by the 194 member States of WHO in World Health Assembly resolution 69.3, provides a framework for action in that area and is supported by the evidence presented in the World Report on 4 5 6 8 See ILO, Social Protection Department, Social Protection for Older Persons: Policy Trends and Statistics 2017–19, Social protection policy paper 17 (Geneva, 2018). UN-Women, “Protecting women’s income security in old age: toward gender-responsive pension systems”, Policy brief No. 3, 2015. See www.social-protection.org/gimi/ShowWiki.action?id=63.