A/HRC/45/57 43. From 22 to 24 March 2019, in Amman, OHCHR conducted an advanced training course, attended by 32 field monitors, including 8 women, on interactive techniques for monitoring and documenting violations and abuses of international human rights law and violations of international humanitarian law in Yemen. 44. From 22 to 24 April 2019, in Aden, OHCHR provided technical support to the National Commission on information technology and database management, and recommendations on how to improve in those areas. 45. From 30 April to 7 May 2019, in Addis Ababa, OHCHR organized, in cooperation with the Operational Satellite Applications Programme of the United Nations Institute for Training and Research, a training workshop for the commissioners to strengthen their technical capacity in the use of geospatial information technology, with a focus on cloudbased and geospatial data systems for decision-making relating to accessing and analysing information on alleged human rights violations and abuses. 46. In June 2019, following a request from the National Commission, OHCHR purchased 30 solar charging system units for the field monitors, which it delivered to the National Commission in Aden. 47. From 24 to 26 November 2019, in Aden, OHCHR facilitated a consultative meeting for 38 field monitors and investigators, including 7 women, to enhance the professional relationship between the commissioners and the field monitors and investigators. The meeting was an opportunity to improve communication between the participants, who shared their concerns and discussed the challenges they faced. It also provided an opportunity to discuss standards of evidence in criminal investigations, and evidence collection and preservation. 48. From 7 to 10 March 2020, in Aden, OHCHR organized a workshop for 14 investigators, including 2 women, on international standards for human rights monitoring and documentation of cases of arbitrary detention and enforced disappearance. Discussions focused on monitoring places of detention and reporting violations and abuses relating to detention. 49. More broadly, OHCHR delivered technical assistance to the National Commission through regular feedback and advice to improve its performance. In addition, it supported the National Commission in the development of methodologies, handbooks and tools, providing it with a range of supplementary material on international human rights law and international humanitarian law, human rights monitoring, and administrative and financial matters. 50. The technical assistance provided by OHCHR has contributed to increasing the understanding by the commissioners and staff of the National Commission of the concept of accountability, as guided by relevant international legal norms. OHCHR focused on the rights of victims of human rights violations and abuses, including the right to truth, justice and reparation, and on the need for institutional and other guarantees of non-recurrence. OHCHR has advised the National Commission that there should be accountability for human rights violations and abuses, which require redress regardless of whether they were committed by State or non-State actors. Furthermore, OHCHR has shared its expertise with the National Commission on transitional justice and how accountability should go beyond the investigation and prosecution of serious crimes and consist of a broader process that addresses the political, legal and moral responsibility of individuals and institutions for past and ongoing violations. 51. OHCHR has not advocated for the National Commission to follow a standard, onesize-fits-all approach. Instead, it has assisted the Commission to recognize the need for accountability processes to be responsive and tailored to local circumstances, defined on the basis of broad and inclusive national consultations, involving the extensive participation of the population and communities, including victims of human rights violations and abuses, and reflecting their needs and aspirations. OHCHR also provided guidelines to ensure that any national process in this respect would meet international standards. 52. The technical support provided by OHCHR has improved capacity in the National Commission to monitor, document and report on violations and abuses of international human rights law and violations of international humanitarian law. It has also led to 7