A/HRC/21/45
Civilizations, United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research and of regional
organizations, which may further contribute to the realization of a more democratic and
equitable international order. He will study the future report Fostering cross-cultural
understanding for building peaceful and inclusive societies.
31.
In particular, the mandate holder recalls civil society initiatives that have born fruit,
for example the World Campaign on the Human Right to Peace conducted by the Spanish
Society for the Advancement of International Human Rights Law, which concluded on 10
December 2010 with the adoption of the Santiago Declaration on the Human Right to Peace
at the International Congress on the Human Right to Peace, held in Santiago de
Compostela, Spain, in the context of the World Social Forum on Education for Peace (see
www.aedidh.org/?q=node/1853). This Declaration revised the earlier Luarca Declaration on
the Human Right to Peace13 in the light of inputs from different cultural sensibilities.14 At
the same Congress the Statutes of the International Observatory of the Human Right to
Peace were adopted,15 becoming operative on 10 March 2011, and which enjoy the
endorsement of some 2,000 civil society organizations, as well as of numerous public
institutions and the 22 member States of the Ibero-American Summit.16
IV. Obstacles to the realization of an international order that is
more democratic and more equitable
32.
The Independent Expert has already held consultations with stakeholders to learn
what they perceive to be major obstacles and good practices for the realization of an
international order that is more democratic and equitable. Focused questionnaires have been
sent and further questionnaires will be addressed to all stakeholders over the next three
years.
33.
Through informal consultation with members of permanent missions,
intergovernmental organizations and NGOs, in particular the academic communities of
several countries, and subsequent study of relevant literature, the mandate holder has
become aware of numerous concerns that require further study, including the postulate of a
hierarchy of human rights as one of the remaining ideological debates between developed
and developing countries. In his view, civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights
are not only interdependent, but they also have equal value and importance.
34.
With regard to a more democratic international order, some observers have signalled
the need to reform the United Nations and, in particular, the composition of the Security
Council so as to make it more responsive to the needs of the 193 States Members of the
United Nations. A General Assembly task force on Security Council reform is committed to
explore the modalities of Security Council reform. In his report entitled ―In larger freedom:
13
14
15
16
Carmen Rosa Rueda Castañón and Carlos Villán Durán, eds., La Declaración de Luarca sobre el
Derecho Humano a la Paz, 2nd ed. (2008); Carlos Villán Durán y Carmelo Faleh Pérez,
Contribuciones Regionales para una Declaración Universal del Derecho Humano a la Paz (2010).
See Villán Durán and Faleh Pérez, Contribuciones.
See www.aedidh.org/?q=node/1857.
Carlos Villán Durán, ―The human right to peace: A legislative initiative‖ Spanish Yearbook of
International law, Volume XV, 2009 (2011), pp. 143-171 and Carlos Villán Durán, ―Civil society
organizations contribution to the Universal Declaration on the Human Right to Peace‖, International
Journal on World Peace, vol. 28 (2011), pp. 59-126. See also A. de Zayas, ―Peace as a human right:
the jus cogens prohibition of aggression‖ in A. Eide et al., eds., Making Peoples Heard (2011), pp.
27-42.
13
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