A/HRC/42/31 communities in Mondulkiri, Kratie and Stung Treng Provinces participated. The workshops aimed to enhance indigenous peoples’ capacities to manage and protect obtained titles and to solve land disputes. 49. In April 2019, OHCHR published a manual on the collective land titling process, which will assist local authorities and indigenous communities in processing titles efficiently. During the same month, OHCHR also published a study called “Assessment of the credit opportunities for indigenous communities in Cambodia holding a collective land title”, the results of which indicate that indigenous communities can access loans through a group liability scheme and thus do not have to use private land titles as collateral. 50. OHCHR received petitions from individuals and groups who sought its intervention in their disputes. It conducted field visits to ascertain facts, engaged with the relevant authorities, facilitated dialogue between the parties, monitored the work of disputeresolution mechanisms and provided legal and procedural advice to communities and the civil society organizations supporting them. OHCHR has also been working to assist the Government and business enterprises to provide adequate remedies for cases of violations and abuse of land and housing rights. In October 2018, OHCHR supported the development of new terms of reference and internal guidelines for the land sector coordination group which aim to strengthen the group and enable joint dialogue and advocacy work with the Ministry of Land Management, Urban Planning and Construction. 51. In March 2018, OHCHR sent a fact-finding mission to Snoul District, Kratie Province, to follow up on violent protests involving people who had constructed housing on an economic land concession. The mission concluded that the authorities had responded to the violent protests using excessive force, including through the use of firearms. On 26 March, OHCHR sent a letter to the Ministry of Interior with a copy of the report and its conclusions and recommendations. In September 2018 and April 2019, OHCHR conducted follow-up missions to the area and subsequently sent a letter to the Governor of Kratie requesting the Government to intervene in the land case and to find a peaceful resolution for the affected people. 52. In January and February 2019, OHCHR carried out two fact-finding missions to Sihanoukville following clashes between security forces and people protesting a forced eviction. OHCHR engaged with all relevant authorities. A second planned eviction was halted at the last minute, the same day that OHCHR embarked upon a follow-up visit. During the fact-finding mission, security forces used excessive force against people protesting, which led to the shooting of a man. On 22 February, OHCHR wrote to the Ministry of Interior indicating that it appeared that security forces had used excessive and disproportionate force, including through the use of firearms, during the protest. In the letter the Office encouraged the Ministry to undertake a public investigation into the use of force as well as the shooting of an individual and to provide the individual, partly paralysed as a result of the injury, with an adequate remedy. 53. In January 2019, OHCHR followed the case of a man who was arrested in Preah Vihear Province in the context of a land dispute and who disappeared from custody on 21 January. After an initial investigation, OHCHR wrote to the Minister of Interior on 13 February requesting an examination of the matter. On 21 March, OHCHR wrote to the Ministry of Defence to request it to undertake an examination of the arrest and alleged illtreatment of the individual by armed forces prior to his disappearance. After it was reported that the man had reappeared in Sihanoukville, OHCHR met with him in Phnom Penh on 31 March. 54. In May and June 2018, OHCHR carried out missions in Stung Treng and Koh Kong Provinces to follow up on relocation cases resulting from the Lower Sesan II Hydropower Dam and projects executed by the Union Development Group. In both cases, OHCHR encouraged the authorities to provide fair compensation for affected people, for people to be allowed to stay at their new, informal relocation site as appropriate and for improved conditions at the official resettlement sites, including livelihood opportunities. 55. OHCHR continued to follow up on the sugar economic land concession disputeresolution process and the work of the working groups set up by the Ministry of Land Management, Urban Planning and Construction. For this purpose, OHCHR conducted 10