A/HRC/32/35 support are frequently considered adequate by Governments to declare a displacement situation solved, when it is not. Even where return or resettlement has taken place, much remains to be done to reach durable solutions in many country situations. 32. It is the primary responsibility of Governments to provide durable solutions that can only be achieved when internally displaced persons no longer have any specific assistance and protection needs that are linked to their displacement and can enjoy their human rights without discrimination on account of their displacement.11 Such solutions, whether they involve return, local integration or settlement elsewhere in the country, require national leadership, strong political will and commitment. They must be anchored in national legal and policy frameworks, yet frequently in practice they are not in place or not implemented. States frequently see return to places of origin as the primary or only solution, neglecting the fact that, in conflict situations, local integration or resettlement may be the preferred or more viable options, and essential to unlocking protracted displacement. 33. The Special Rapporteur has consistently encouraged new and innovative approaches by States and the international community to achieving durable solutions, including stronger engagement with and by development partners, among other actors, in internal displacement situations from an early stage. This early engagement of development partners remains essential to building resilience, integrating humanitarian and development activities to ensure there is no “gap”, and ensuring that internally displaced persons are the targets and beneficiaries of development processes and assistance. In section three of the present report, the Special Rapporteur highlights the need for early recovery and resiliencebuilding as transitional steps, even in crisis situations and protracted internal displacement situations, where there are obstacles to achieving durable solutions. 34. Some positive processes to support durable solutions are under way. The creation of the Solutions Alliance in April 2014 marked an important step forward in efforts to address protracted displacement through innovative, partnership-orientated approaches. Working through sustained strategic engagement in displacement situations, including Somalia, Uganda, the United Republic of Tanzania and Zambia, national groups seek to apply expertise and theoretical and practical approaches to displacement settings, forming longterm partnerships with national Governments and other stakeholders. Its resources and capacity should be bolstered to allow it to engage effectively with internal displacement in more country situations globally. 35. The Special Rapporteur, in collaboration with the Joint IDP Profiling Service,12 initiated the project entitled “Informing responses to support durable solutions for internally displaced persons” to promote the implementation of the Framework on Durable Solutions for Internally Displaced Persons. Its goal is to support Governments and humanitarian and development actors to pursue an evidence-based joint response to support displaced persons and achieve durable solutions. Drawing on experience from multiple displacement situations, and with an inter-agency group of technical steering committee members, the project will develop and consolidate a set of agreed indicators to operationalize the Framework, as well as tools and guidance for their use in displacement contexts. These activities will contribute to country-level durable solutions analysis and responses, as well 11 12 The Special Rapporteur has provided analysis and recommendations for States and other stakeholders relating to durable solutions in his reports to the General Assembly, notably in his 2013 report (A/68/225), in which he addressed the role of humanitarian and development actors in achieving durable solutions through peacebuilding in the aftermath of conflict; his 2014 report (A/69/295) on achieving durable solutions for internally displaced persons in urban settings; and his 2015 report (A/70/334) on governance structures for internal displacement. See www.jips.org. 9