A/HRC/42/44 29. Increasingly, these efforts are truly global. The Call to Action to End Forced Labour, Modern Slavery and Human Trafficking has been endorsed by more than 85 countries, from every region;64 22 countries are partners of Alliance 8.7 and 15 have volunteered to take part in the Alliance 8.7 Pathfinder initiative. And over 45 countries have worked with the United Nations University to develop country dashboards to help measure progress towards target 8.7. 30. In addition to government responses, recent efforts to begin to map global antislavery activity have begun to reveal a vibrant and thriving array of bottom-up and local initiatives around the world. The Global Modern Slavery Directory offers a publicly searchable map and database of over 2,900 organizations and agencies that address various forms of slavery, covering 199 countries. 65 These undertake a wide array of activities, including advocacy and awareness-raising, education and training, prevention and victim support. Meanwhile, the Modern Slavery Map provides an interactive online catalogue of organizations and initiatives teaming up with private sector partners to combat slavery. 66 31. Private sector initiatives are rapidly proliferating, from Tech Against Trafficking 67 to the Liechtenstein Initiative for a Financial Sector Commission on Modern Slavery and Human Trafficking,68 the ILO Global Business Network on Forced Labour69 and the United Nations Global Compact Action Platform on Decent Work in Global Supply Chains, 70 as well as more local efforts such as the Mekong Club in Hong Kong which mobilizes the private sector to end slavery. Which measures are effective? 32. Understanding what is effective is crucial to ensure that limited resources are used wisely, both in terms of efficiency and effectiveness, and to ensure that interventions do not in fact harm the enjoyment of the right to be free from slavery and servitude. While the ability to identify effective measures in any rigorous scientific sense is limited by the paucity of comparable programme and policy-level monitoring and evaluation, 71 Governments, private donors, practitioners and researchers have begun to identify the traits of effectiveness.72 The jurisprudence of regional human rights courts is also providing insights.73 33. First, even as there is a recognition that effective action to eradicate slavery must operate at scale and address transnational and global drivers such as cross-border migration, international finance and global supply chains, there is a growing emphasis on local-level activity.74 Effective action to tackle slavery requires local action to underpin and effectively implement international efforts and domestic legislation and to generate sustainable 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 10 See https://delta87.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/Call-Action-End-Forced-Labour_19-Nov2018.pdf. See www.globalmodernslavery.org. See www.modernslaverymap.org. See www.bsr.org/en/collaboration/groups/tech-against-trafficking. See www.financialsectorcomission.org. ILO, Ending Forced Labour by 2030, p. 47. See www.unglobalcompact.org/take-action/action-platforms/decent-work-supply-chains. Global Fund to End Modern Slavery submission, p. 1; and Tech Against Trafficking submission, p. 3. Pauline Oosterhoff and others, Modern Slavery Prevention and Responses in South Asia: An Evidence Map (London, Department for International Development, 2018); and Katharine Bryant and Bernadette Joudo, “Promising practices: what works? A review of interventions to combat modern day slavery”, Walk Free Foundation, 2018. A promising example of a monitoring and evaluation network established by practitioners is Monitoring and Evaluation of Trafficking in Persons. European Court of Human Rights, Siliadin v. France, Judgment of 26 July 2005 and Rantsev v. Cyprus and Russia, Judgment of 7 January 2010; Economic Community of West African States Community Court of Justice, Hadijatou Mani Koraou v. Republic of Niger, Judgment of 27 October 2008; and Inter-American Court of Human Rights, Trabajadores de la Hacienda Brasil Verde v. Brasil, Judgment of 22 August 2017. Monash Trafficking and Slavery Research Group submission, p. 2; and United States Department of State, Trafficking in Persons Report June 2018.