A/HRC/16/58 47. Furthermore, Internet access is restricted to a few thousand people and, currently, the international Internet network is accessible only by a small minority, a few high-ranking officials and foreign diplomats via a satellite link with servers based abroad.22 The Intranet is accessible only by academics, businessmen and high-ranking civil servants with special clearance. 48. It is dismal that the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea ranks 177 out of 178 countries in one NGO 2010 press freedom index,23 which shows the scope for improvement on freedom of opinion and expression. The extent of restriction on the freedom of opinion and expression is demonstrated by the nature of punishment placed on journalists. In the last few months, it has been reported that two North Korean journalists died in 2001 in Yoduk “Kwan-li-so” No. 15, a prison camp located in the east of the country. This has only come to light in the recent days through a former political prisoner.24 49. In speaking to the asylum-seekers in the Republic of Korea, the Special Rapporteur was also made aware of the risks some of the asylum-seekers undertake by using mobile phones, especially while trying to liaise with traffickers in order to leave the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea. The defectors in Japan who met with the Special Rapporteur expressed similar concerns regarding restrictions on and, in many cases, the total absence of freedom of opinion and expression. Some of them claimed they were not even in a position to express their worsening living standards and that the only manner in which they learnt about the outside world was from smuggled DVDs and video CDs. 50. The Special Rapporteur calls upon the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea to allow space for participation in Government, freedom of expression, access to information, freedom of association, as provided and recognized in the Constitution and related laws of the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea and international standards. G. Detention and correctional facilities 51. The Democratic People’s Republic of Korea operates two types of prison: prisons designed to detain political criminals and detention facilities for non-political, ordinary criminals. 52. Punishments under the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea Penal Code are classified as “basic punishment” or “additional punishment”. There are four types of basic punishment: the death penalty, unlimited term of correctional labour, limited term of correctional labour and labour training (Penal Code, art. 28). The unlimited term of correctional labour and labour training were added during the 2004 revision of the Penal Code. The unlimited terms of correctional labour are 15 years and longer, while the limited term sentences range from 1 to 15 years. Convicts sentenced to unlimited or limited correctional labour are detained in correctional centres (Kyohwaso) and undergo “corrections” through labour (art. 30). The criminals sentenced to correctional punishment are typically “economic or violent, rather than political criminals”, and would be detained in the Correctional Bureau of the Ministry of People’s Security.25 22 23 24 25 12 Reporters Without Borders, “Internet Enemies 2010 – North Korea”, 18 March 2010. Available from http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/4c21f6708.html. See Reporters Without Borders, “Press Freedom Index 2010”. Available from http://en.rsf.org/pressfreedom-index-2010,1034.html. See Reporters Without Borders, “Two journalists died in prison camp”, September 2010. Available from http://en.rsf.org/north-korea-two-journalists-died-in-prison-14-09-2010,38355.html. See White Paper on Human Rights in North Korea, p. 107.