A/HRC/21/25 9. Establishing independent oversight, inspection and monitoring mechanisms 89. States should review their laws, policies and procedures to ensure that institutions in which children are deprived of their liberty are regularly inspected by a team of persons appointed by government or other authorized bodies, such as national human rights institutions, ombudspersons or inspecting judges. Visits must be carried out in accordance with the principle of confidentiality to protect children from harassment or reprisals, and also include an option for unannounced visits. 90. Particular attention should be paid to the use of violence, force and restraints, disciplinary measures and other forms of restriction. All forms of violence, especially serious injury or death, should be reported and investigated promptly by an independent monitoring body. National monitoring mechanisms shall cooperate with international agencies that are legally entitled to visit institutions in which children are deprived of liberty. 10. Providing for qualified and trained personnel 91. In order to establish an effective juvenile justice system, States should develop a sound system of selection, recruitment and development of personnel, ensure the appointment and retention of competent and well-trained professionals, and provide adequate remuneration. It is also crucial to carry out background checks on all personnel working in direct contact with children in the juvenile justice system. 92. States should ensure that police, prosecutors, judges and magistrates, prison and probation officers, social workers and other relevant professionals involved in the juvenile justice system receive adequate training and continued education on national laws, policies and programmes, as well as on international standards necessary to respond to the specific needs of children within the juvenile justice system. 93. States should encourage professional associations to develop enforceable standards of conduct that promote justice and prevent violence against children in the juvenile justice system. 11. Promoting data collection, analysis and dissemination, and developing research and reporting schemes to assess, prevent and respond to incidents of violence against children within the juvenile justice system 94. States should develop data gathering, analysis and reporting schemes to monitor youth crime prevention and measure the performance of the juvenile justice system. To this aim, juvenile justice indicators should be developed and applied regularly to measure the performance of the juvenile justice system. A system for establishing juvenile justice statistics, comprised of disaggregated data, should be developed and implemented in order to assess, prevent and respond to incidents of violence against children. 95. Data collection should include children’s views and experiences, as well as information on incidents of violence against children in the juvenile justice system. It should also include information on regular independent inspection of places of detention, access to complaints mechanisms by children in detention, specialized standards and norms concerning recourse by personnel to physical restraint and use 18