A/HRC/14/34 at the national level. The recommendations are focused on the judiciary and access to justice, legal aid, law enforcement and detention. 32. A large number of initiatives on human rights and juvenile justice have been undertaken by non-governmental and civil society actors in recent years. One example is the First World Congress on Restorative Juvenile Justice, held in Lima in November 2009. The Declaration adopted by the Congress urged the adoption of a restorative justice approach to juvenile justice, as an approach which focuses on repairing the individual, relational and social harm caused by the offence committed. Also of note are a series of papers on various aspects concerning children of prisoners published by the Quaker United Nations Office.37 IV. United Nations system activities 33. As a whole, the United Nations system has undertaken a large number of activities and initiatives which have a bearing on the protection of human rights in the administration of justice. This chapter outlines some illustrative examples of these activities, with a focus on juvenile justice and on those practices identified by their implementers as promising in terms of effecting change. 34. In 2009, UNICEF further strengthened its focus on upstream policy advocacy and legal reform work, supporting new or amended pieces of legislation in Kenya, Central African Republic, Indonesia, Kyrgyzstan, Djibouti and Sri Lanka. In Ethiopia, the agency assisted in developing a National Criminal Justice Policy, designed to extend special attention to children in conflict with the law, child victims and other vulnerable groups throughout all stages of the criminal justice procedure. In Liberia and in Papua New Guinea, UNICEF has led the development of a national common approach to justice for children, with a view to leveraging the work of other United Nations entities on the issue. 35. UNICEF continues to focus its efforts on the reduction of the number of children in detention, for example through the setting up of mechanisms for diversion from judicial proceedings and alternatives to deprivation of liberty. In Togo the work of the UNICEF country office in promoting diversion has resulted in an increase of 83 per cent in alternatives to detention sentences. Building the capacity of justice for children professionals (including ministry staff, the police, judges, lawyers, paralegals and social workers) also remains a major strategy in UNICEF justice interventions, through both preand in-service training and the inclusion of justice for children issues in regular professional curricula. The agency has also emphasized a shift from juvenile justice to justice for children, implying a focus beyond children in conflict with the law to also include child victims and witnesses of crime. New tools for policymakers and professionals working with child victims and witnesses of crime, such as a model law and an implementation handbook, have been developed with UNODC. At country level, UNICEF offices have also further strengthened their support to child victims and witnesses of crime, through the establishment of child-friendly courts and police procedures, victim support units, toll-free telephone lines, legal support and counselling. With UNICEF’s assistance, Swaziland has established its first child-friendly court. 37 GE.10-13137 Oliver Robertson: Children Imprisoned by Circumstance (QUNO, Geneva, 2008); Jennifer Rosenberg: Children Need Dads Too – Children with Fathers in Prison (QUNO, Geneva, 2009); Jean Tomkins: Orphans of Justice – In search of the best interests of the child when a parent is imprisoned: A legal analysis (QUNO, Geneva, 2009). 11