A/HRC/RES/33/19 public employees and officials, memorialization initiatives, and processes to achieve shared narratives or an appropriately conceived combination thereof, in order to, inter alia, ensure accountability, serve justice, provide remedies to victims, promote healing and reconciliation, establish independent oversight of the security system, restore confidence in the institutions of the State and promote the rule of law in accordance with international human rights law, Welcoming the activities of the United Nations, including through its field presences, in assisting States to design, establish and implement transitional justice mechanisms and to promote the rule of law, and its conceptual and analytical work on transitional justice and human rights, and encouraging greater efforts to ensure that a gender perspective and a victim-centred approach are fully integrated into all of these activities, Taking note with appreciation of the work and reports of the Special Rapporteur on the promotion of truth, justice, reparation and guarantees of non-recurrence, Taking note of the overall work developed by the Office of the Special Advisers of the Secretary-General on the Prevention of Genocide and the Responsibility to Protect, including the Framework of Analysis for Atrocity Crimes as one of the tools to assess the risk of genocide, war crimes, ethnic cleansing and crimes against humanity in any situation, 1. Reiterates the responsibility of each individual State to protect its population from genocide, war crimes, ethnic cleansing and crimes against humanity, which entails the prevention of such crimes, including their incitement, through appropriate and necessary means; 2. Condemns impunity for gross violations and abuses of human rights and serious violations of international humanitarian law, including genocide, war crimes, ethnic cleansing and crimes against humanity, emphasizes the responsibility of States to comply with their obligations under international law to end impunity, and urges States to seek sustainable peace, justice, truth and reconciliation through comprehensive transitional justice strategies, in particular to investigate thoroughly and prosecute those responsible for such violations and crimes, in order to avoid their recurrence and promote reconciliation at the national level; 3. Acknowledges the significant progress made by the international community, including within the United Nations system, in developing relevant mechanisms and practices to prevent incitement to and the commission of genocide, war crimes, ethnic cleansing and crimes against humanity, the development of comprehensive transitional justice strategies, including the punishment of gross violations and abuses of human rights and serious violations of international humanitarian law, and emphasizes in this context the important role of national, subregional, regional and international efforts to prevent and address the legacy of these crimes, violations and abuses and therefore the necessity to strengthen the capacity of domestic efforts, jurisdictions and inter-State cooperation; 4. Calls upon States, where relevant, to develop comprehensive transitional justice strategies and to establish judicial and non-judicial mechanisms in order to address past atrocities, the needs of victims and their right to an effective remedy, and to prevent their recurrence; 5. Encourages States and international organizations to acknowledge and support the important role of civil society in the prevention of gross violations and abuses of human rights and serious violations of international humanitarian law, including genocide, war crimes, ethnic cleansing and crimes against humanity, and, where relevant, in the promotion and monitoring of comprehensive transitional justice approaches and efforts; 6. Reaffirms the important role of women in the prevention and resolution of conflicts and in peacebuilding, and stresses the importance of their equal participation and 4