A/HRC/44/46 degrading working conditions, outside the formal economy and without an entitlement to social security benefits. 15. According to ILO, the deficit of decent work has a disproportionate impact on already disadvantaged groups. As a consequence, the main policy for increasing productive inclusion of the poorest is providing them with greater human capital. The principles and guidelines recommend measures for the public and private sectors, such as employment inducements in the regular employment market, support for cooperative work, entrepreneurship and vocational education and training, reflecting provisions of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights and the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. 16. Article 7 of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights states that it is both the right of everyone to the enjoyment of just and favourable working conditions and to a decent living. In its general comment No. 23 (2016) on the right to just and favourable conditions of work, the Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights called for States to raise awareness in the private sector and act affirmatively to mitigate the disadvantaged positioning of some groups. According to the Committee, States should put into place measures enabling education, information and awareness-raising, with a view to ensuring equal work opportunities in both the private and public sectors. The Special Rapporteur notes that such measures should be sensitive to gender, age, disability, illiteracy and low education levels. The Committee also emphasized the responsibility of States to establish non-contributory social security programmes for people working in the informal sector, in order to guarantee them protection from hazards. 17. Basic guidelines established by the Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities to promote job opportunities for persons with disabilities comprise nondiscrimination, accessibility, reasonable accommodation and affirmative measures. Article 27 of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities guides the public sector, in collaboration with the private sector, to guarantee job opportunities, equal salaries, equality in working conditions, career counselling opportunities and professional education, entrepreneurship opportunities and vocational and professional rehabilitation programmes to assist in returning to work. States are obligated to take measures to guarantee fully accessible workplaces, removing any physical, behavioural, informational, communication or transport barrier. Both the public and private sectors are expected to provide for reasonable accommodation to workers who need it.4 Affirmative measures are to be taken by the public sector and promoted in the private sector in order to increase the employability of persons with disabilities. 18. The guarantee of equal work opportunities for persons affected by leprosy and their family members should be grounded on the guidelines provided by ILO and the provisions set out in the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women. States should aim at an inclusive economy that can ensure economic autonomy to persons affected and their family members, encompassing the intersectionality of leprosy with age, gender and disability, through training and formal employment opportunities. Guaranteeing equal work opportunities can be ensured within mainstream and/or disability and programmes, as long as due recognition is given to specific leprosy-related needs and the multiple barriers to inclusion. Affirmative measures may be required in some contexts, in order to avoid this specific population being left furthest behind in mainstream and disability programmes. Affirmative measures should be temporary in principle, but in some cases, they may need to be of a permanent nature. Reasonable accommodation, including workplace access adaptation, adjustment of machines and equipment, but also of work content, time and work organization, as well as availability of assistive devices, must always give due consideration not only to visible physical impairments related to leprosy, but also invisible ones, such as pain or loss of sensation, as well as psychosocial disabilities related to 4 Whereas accessibility is related to collectivities, reasonable accommodation is called for in relation to individuals in inaccessible environments. Both concepts will be considered further below. 5