A/HRC/40/55 and effective judicial or quasi-judicial mechanisms are essential for enforcement, accountability and ensuring remedies are available if the right to clean air is threatened or violated. 114. States must accelerate programmes to replace solid fuels and kerosene with cleaner energy and clean technologies. A concerted effort is required to address nonfinancial barriers to clean cooking by extending fuel supply infrastructure, implementing policies to reduce the variability of fuel prices and promoting gender equity in household decision-making. States must also educate the public about the adverse health consequences of household air pollution and the availability of cleaner alternatives. Transitional fuels and technologies may achieve major health gains at a lower cost, but the end goal is clean fuels and clean technologies, not merely less dirty ones. States should increase their financing to reduce and eliminate household air pollution and achieve universal access to clean cooking by 2030 115. Governments, businesses, international agencies and philanthropic foundations must accelerate their efforts to ensure access to clean energy. High-income countries should provide economic and technical assistance to low-income countries to support their efforts to fulfil the right to breathe clean air. The international financial institutions (e.g. World Bank, International Monetary Fund, Asian Development Bank and European Investment Bank) must avoid financing projects that will cause significant increases in air pollution. 116. In order to fulfil their responsibility to respect the human right to breathe clean air, businesses should: (a) Make every effort to reduce emissions of air pollutants from their facilities and supply chains; (b) Stop delaying the transition away from fossil fuels; (c) Embrace the extraordinary economic opportunities presented by renewable energy, energy storage, energy efficiency, clean cook stoves, heating and lighting and zero emission vehicles; (d) Contribute to and support efforts to shift towards the goal of a pollutionfree circular economy. 20