A/HRC/24/32 cases in which OHCHR intervened were similar to those encountered during the previous period under review.1 OHCHR aims to work with authorities, civil society, communities and individuals to avoid violence and to prevent human rights violations or end continuing ones. In a number of cases, OHCHR is one of the few actors present and able to play this human rights protection role. 8. The Office’s individual case work continued to be focused on disputes relating to land, limitations on freedom of expression, the right to a fair trial, and arbitrary detention and conditions in detention, including ill-treatment. Disputes relating to land continued to pose a significant challenge to the country. While a major government initiative launched in 2012 resulted in the distribution of land titles to many rural families, a number of chronic land disputes persisted. The Office monitored and intervened in demonstrations, protests, acts of intimidation, cases of detention and court proceedings arising out of these disputes. The Office also advocated the right to freedom of expression of all Cambodians, including journalists, human rights defenders and trade unionists. Allegations of impermissible restrictions on freedom of expression during the summits related to the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) were raised with the authorities. In the area of the right to a fair trial, the Office monitored a number of court proceedings, including high-profile cases. In some instances, the Office secured legal representation for defendants. Building on its support to the Government to address human rights protection gaps in the detention of individuals, OHCHR also systematically brought to the attention of the authorities instances of arbitrary detention and ill-treatment, which led to largely favourable outcomes, including release. II. Land and housing rights 9. The OHCHR Land and Housing Rights Programme works with the Government, civil society organizations, communities, individuals, business enterprises, professional associations and multilateral and bilateral development actors to strengthen the legal framework protecting land use and ownership and housing rights, and to improve their implementation. The Programme also works with individuals, communities and authorities in relation to specific instances of threats to, harassment, and criminal persecution of individuals and communities acting to defend their rights to land and housing, as well as with the human rights defenders who work with them on land issues. 10. OHCHR operated in a context of ongoing land disputes in both rural and urban areas. While there was little change in the resolution of disputes or enhanced tenure security in most urban centres during the period under review, the Government did conduct a major campaign for private land titling on and around economic land concessions, logging concessions and areas administered by the Ministry of the Environment, and confiscated State land under the auspices of the Ministry of Land Management, Urban Planning and Construction. This campaign followed the moratorium introduced in May 2012 on the granting of new economic land concessions and a review of existing concessions (Directive 001), the full results of which are yet to be publicized. The implementation of the national land titling programme took precedence over other priorities, with cadastral officials and teams of youth being deployed countrywide to measure rural land and to issue private titles. The campaign has been successful in improving tenure security for many Cambodians. According to government figures, as at 4 May 2013, 226,252 titles had already been issued to families. One of the stated aims of the campaign is to reduce the amount of land disputes in rural areas. As a short-term initiative, however, the campaign did not holistically address 1 4 A/HRC/21/35.