A/HRC/12/50 (a) Development of data on the situation of children left behind in countries of origin in order to better understand the impact of migration processes on their well-being and enjoyment of their human rights; (b) Undertaking, in cooperation with relevant organizations, information campaigns with a child perspective aimed at clarifying prospects, limitations, potential risks and rights in the event of migration, in order to enable everyone, in particular children and their family members, to make informed decisions and to prevent them from becoming victims of trafficking or falling prey to transnational organized networks of smugglers or organized criminal groups; (c) Strengthening relevant national institutions to address the particular needs of children left behind in their country of origin; 3. Further calls upon States to protect the human rights of children in the context of migration, and therefore: (a) Calls upon States parties to the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime and the supplementing protocols thereto, namely, the Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air and the Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children, to implement them fully, and calls upon States that have not yet ratified or acceded to them to consider doing so as a matter of priority; (b) Encourages States to establish institutionalized services and implement programmes to provide age- and gender-sensitive support and protection to migrant children, with due regard for the specific needs of children in vulnerable situations, such as unaccompanied children, girls, children with disabilities and those who may be in need of international refugee protection; (c) Requests all States to take concrete measures to prevent the violation of the human rights of migrant children while in transit, and to train public officials to detect and treat them respectfully, in a sensitive and age-appropriate manner and in accordance with their international obligations; (d) Calls upon States to ensure that migrant children, especially those who are unaccompanied and those who are victims of violence, exploitation, persecution and conflict, receive special protection and assistance, in accordance with their international obligations; (e) Encourages all States to apply a gender perspective when developing migration policies and programmes in order to take the necessary measures to better protect girls against dangers and abuse during migration; (f) Urges States to ensure that repatriation mechanisms allow for the identification and special protection of children, and that repatriation processes fully respect the rights of the child and take into account, in conformity with their international obligations and commitments, the principles of the best interests of the child and nonrefoulement, and family reunification; 4. Reaffirms that the arrest, imprisonment or detention of a child should be in conformity with the law and the international obligations of the State, and recalls in this context article 37 of the Convention on the Rights of the Child, which provides that such measures should be taken only as a last resort and for the shortest appropriate period of time, and urges States to protect effectively the rights of children affected by the detention of their parents, guardians or family members because of their migratory status and, in this regard: 13