A/HRC/10/61 page 13 34. Non-climate related factors, such as education, health care, public health initiatives, are critical in determining how global warming will affect the health of populations.50 Protecting the right to health in the face of climate change will require comprehensive measures, including mitigating the adverse impacts of global warming on underlying determinants of health and giving priority to protecting vulnerable individuals and communities. 5. The right to adequate housing 35. The right to adequate housing is enshrined in several core international human rights instruments and most comprehensively under the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights as an element of the right to an adequate standard of living.51 The right to adequate housing has been defined as “the right to live somewhere in security, peace and dignity”.52 Core elements of this right include security of tenure, protection against forced evictions,53 availability of services, materials, facilities and infrastructure, affordability, habitability, accessibility, location and cultural adequacy.54 36. Observed and projected climate change will affect the right to adequate housing in several ways. Sea level rise and storm surges will have a direct impact on many coastal settlements.55 In the Arctic region and in low-lying island States such impacts have already led to the relocation of peoples and communities.56 Settlements in low-lying mega-deltas are also particularly at risk, as evidenced by the millions of people and homes affected by flooding in recent years. 37. The erosion of livelihoods, partly caused by climate change, is a main “push” factor for increasing rural to urban migration. Many will move to urban slums and informal settlements where they are often forced to build shelters in hazardous areas.57 Already today, an estimated 1 billion people live in urban slums on fragile hillsides or flood-prone riverbanks and face acute vulnerability to extreme climate events.58 50 IPCC AR4 WGII Report, p. 12. 51 ICESCR, art. 11. See also Universal Declaration of Human Rights, art. 25, para. 1; ICERD, art. 5 (e) (iii); CEDAW, art. 14, para. 2; CRC, art. 27, para. 3; ICRMW, art. 43, para. 1 (d); CRPD, arts. 9, para. 1 (a), and 28, paras. 1 and 2 (d). 52 CESCR general comment No. 12, para. 6. 53 See CESCR general comment No. 7 (1997) on the right to adequate housing (art. 11 (1) of the Covenant): Forced evictions. 54 CESCR general comment No. 12, para. 8. 55 IPCC AR4 WGII Report, p. 333. 56 IPCC AR4 WGII Report, p. 672. 57 A/63/275, paras. 31-38. 58 UNDP Human Development Report 2007/2008, Fighting climate change: Human solidarity in a divided world, p. 9.