A/HRC/33/63 75. By December 2015, nearly 5,000 children had been demobilized and between January and April 2016 around 1,298 children were released from armed groups. International actors responsible for child protection have drawn attention to the numerous demobilization-related challenges that vary depending on the armed group into which the children were taken. They have also condemned the lack of care and reintegration programmes; the Independent Expert considers it important to strengthen these in the coming months. She also encourages the establishment of rehabilitation centres for children in conflict with the law. H. Humanitarian situation, and economic, social and cultural rights 76. The humanitarian situation throughout the country remains alarming. The population of the Central African Republic, which is estimated at 4.6 million, is still affected by the consequences of conflicts and the lack of basic social services. Around 2.3 million persons face food insecurity and require humanitarian aid to survive, and two thirds of the population lack access to health care. Despite a number of voluntary returns, around 20 per cent of the population are still displaced. Furthermore, the humanitarian response plan remains significantly underfunded, with only 17 per cent of the needs met. 77. Violations of economic, social and cultural rights continue, particularly through illegal taxation and the illegal exploitation of natural resources. The Independent Expert was informed that in the areas controlled by the ex-Séléka faction, the militia collect taxes and duties, and provide parallel security and administrative services. The final report of the Panel of Experts on the Central African Republic shows that, throughout the country, armed groups collect revenue from the trade in natural resources. 13 The report indicates that the Union pour la paix en Centrafrique (Union for Peace in Central Africa — UPC) of “General” Ali Darrassa Mahamat thrives on gold production around Bambari, and the coffee trade with the Sudan. The Front populaire pour la renaissance de la Centrafrique (Patriotic Front for the Renaissance of Central Africa — FPRC) of Nourredine Adam levies taxes on the livestock trade in Kabo and Kaga Bandoro, and on the diamond trade in Ndélé, Bria and Sam-Ouandja. The Independent Expert was also alerted to the persistent issue of the plundering of the country’s forest resources. A report by the non-governmental organization Global Witness refers to payments by foreign logging companies to antibalaka factions in order to facilitate timber exports. 14 78. The pillage and destruction of goods and properties is still a serious issue that must be resolved to enable refugees to return. The International Commission of Inquiry recommended in its report that the transitional Government prepare, in cooperation with the United Nations Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in the Central African Republic (MINUSCA), a policy to restore the property rights of persons who had been forced to flee as a result of community violence, and whose homes and land had been taken over by others, or to provide them with compensation. 15 79. Basic social and health-care services are also inadequate and are sometimes overburdened in areas where the population has increased due to displacements. The inhabitants of Bangui’s PK-5 enclave, in particular, have reported a lack of health and maternity centres. Recent surveys conducted in areas such as Dekoa and Obo have 13 14 15 GE.16-12727 See S/2015/936. See report entitled Blood Timber: How Europe played a significant role in funding war in the Central African Republic. July 2015. Available at: https://www.globalwitness.org/engb/campaigns/forests/bloodtimber/ (consulted on 20 July 2016). See S/2014/928, p. 27. 13