A/HRC/45/19 Contents Page I. Introduction ................................................................................................................................... 3 II. Implementation of a human rights-based approach to the reduction of preventable maternal mortality and morbidity .................................................................................................. 3 A. National-level multi-stakeholder processes .......................................................................... 4 B. Legislation, planning and budgeting ..................................................................................... 5 C. Programmes and capacity-building....................................................................................... 5 D. Monitoring, review, oversight and remedies ........................................................................ 7 III. Challenges for the implementation of the technical guidance ....................................................... 8 IV. Maternal morbidity as a human rights issue .................................................................................. 9 A. Overview of maternal morbidities ........................................................................................ 9 B. Maternal morbidity and human rights................................................................................... 10 C. Maternal morbidities in focus ............................................................................................... 10 D. Human rights causes and consequences of maternal morbidities ......................................... 12 E. Human rights-based approach to policies and programmes to address maternal morbidity............................................................................................... 15 Recommendations ......................................................................................................................... 16 V. 2