A/HRC/28/30
only about teaching about human rights instruments, but also how they were taught. It was
a process, not just an event, and should permeate all levels of the educational system. The
Special Rapporteur emphasized that education was the key to challenging dangerous
ideologies. She added that it was necessary to learn how to manage diversity in society
constructively. It was of utmost importance to return to the principle of inclusivity not only
in government but also in primary education, where learning about diversity should be
included in curricula.
F.
International solidarity and cooperation, and the question of resources
45.
According to some delegations, preventive efforts should concentrate on
international solidarity, capacity-building and financial aid instead of public denunciations
and sanctions. The Human Rights Council would be more successful if existing guidance
were used to enable countries rather than condemn them. Concern was expressed about
powerful States using the United Nations to impose their beliefs on others; more emphasis
had to be placed on a spirit of cooperation. Mr. Thomson provided an example of
cooperation: the prevention of torture, while a sensitive topic, was an area in which over the
past 10 years an increasing number of States had begun to work together, recognizing that
they faced the same problems and that they could learn from each other, for example by
joint visits to national preventive mechanisms. He considered that this approach could be
followed in other areas.
46.
Some delegations expressed concern that political will, legislation and plans were
not sufficient to prevent human rights abuses, given that resources were necessary for
serious preventive efforts, and they were not always readily available. The point was made
that ensuring the right to development is a form of prevention; developing countries
therefore needed resources to raise their development level in order to address all aspects of
prevention. One delegation argued that fulfilling the right to development would also
alleviate poverty, which had been seen to be a contributing factor to human rights abuses,
such as child, early and forced marriage.
47.
Mr. Mezmur suggested that lack of money was not always the “root of all evil”.
Compliance with human rights did not necessarily correlate with countries with high levels
of resources. Many of the countries making progress at the regional level did not have
extensive resources. He argued that the prevention of violence against children was costeffective, and budget provisions needed to be made for prevention. The first step, however,
was birth registration so that children could be counted and progress measured. According
to Mr. Zerbini Ribeiro Leão, States were required to provide in the reports that they
submitted to the Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights information on
resources allocated to the protection of economic, social and cultural rights and their
effectiveness, outcomes and expected results. They were to indicate financial, educational
and social matters that had an impact on policies for prevention. The Special Rapporteur
pointed out that sometimes it was creativity rather than resources that was needed for
prevention. Mr. Thomson also addressed the issue of prevention in the absence of
resources, proposing the idea of using codes of conduct to give people incentives to follow
different modes of behaviour, ultimately a cost-free way of changing organizational
cultures to more human rights-based ways than the application of sanctions.
G.
Combating impunity, and other conditions facilitating prevention
48.
Several delegations and panellists highlighted the importance of accountability and
actions to combat impunity and ensure the rule of law in order to prevent violations,
including the importance of criminalization and prosecution and the preventive role of the
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