A/HRC/32/42 should be further elaborated, including States’ obligations to take positive measures to change harmful stereotypes relating to gender roles conducive to violence and, at the same time, to undertake activities to empower women and reduce their vulnerability to violence; the meaningful inclusion of men and boys to contribute actively to the prevention of all forms of violence against women and girls; and awareness-raising campaigns to fight violence against women on a regular basis and at all levels, in cooperation with national human rights institutions, civil society and non-governmental organizations. 72. Discriminatory laws, in particular discriminatory provisions in constitutions, family laws, nationality laws and penal codes, perpetuate the lower status of women and their oppression in society, thereby fuelling violence against women and girls, given that there is little to deter perpetrators from committing these crimes. or because recourse for victims is inadequate. It is against this backdrop that the prevalent and multiple grave forms of violence by fundamentalist and extremist actors committed in recent times are built. The Special Rapporteur intends to explore the link between these discriminatory laws and violence against women and girls, and to make recommendations for law reforms, in particular with regard to family and penal laws, and other national laws and practices that regulate family relationships and the private sphere, with a view to curtailing violence against women and girls. V. Working methods 73. Building upon the work of previous mandate holders, and in accordance with Commission on Human Rights resolution 1994/45, which established the mandate, and Human Rights Council resolution 23/25, the most recent resolution renewing the mandate, the Special Rapporteur will continue to seek and receive information on violence against women, its causes and consequences from States, treaty bodies, specialized agencies, other special rapporteurs responsible for various human rights questions and intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations, including women’s organizations, and to respond effectively to such information; recommend measures, ways and means at the local, national, regional and international levels to eliminate all forms of violence against women and its causes, and to remedy its consequences; follow up on implementation of recommendations, work closely with all special procedures and other human rights mechanisms of the Council and with the treaty bodies, taking into account the request of the Council that they regularly and systematically integrate the human rights of women and a gender perspective into their work; cooperate closely with the Commission on the Status of Women in the discharge of its functions; and adopt a comprehensive and universal approach to the elimination of violence against women, its causes and consequences, including causes of violence against women relating to the civil, cultural, economic, political and social spheres. A. Cooperation with other special procedures addressing violence against women 74. The Special Rapporteur intends to work in collaboration with other special procedure mechanisms that examine issues relating to violence against women, including the Working Group on the issue of discrimination against women in law and in practice, the Special Rapporteur on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography, the Independent Expert on the enjoyment of human rights by persons with albinism, the Independent Expert on minority issues, the Special Rapporteur on the rights of indigenous peoples, the Special Rapporteur on the rights of persons with disabilities, the Independent Expert on the enjoyment of all human rights by older persons and the Special Rapporteur 19