A/HRC/27/60 V. Conclusions and recommendations A. Conclusions 136. The conflict in the Syrian Arab Republic, once between the Government and a limited number of anti-Government armed groups, has morphed into multiple shifting conflicts involving countless actors and frontlines. Violence has bled over the borders of the Syrian Arab Republic, with extremism fuelling the conflict’s heightened brutality. The regional conflagration, of which the commission has long warned, illustrates the fallacy of a military solution. 137. As fighting has engulfed civilian areas, the barest possibility of a normal life has been destroyed. The impact has been particularly grave for women and children, whose most basic rights are infringed by the conduct of the parties. 138. Clashes resulting from competition for resources, such as natural gas, oil, electricity, water and agricultural land, have caused civilian deaths. Damage to infrastructure and to the energy supply have jeopardized the livelihoods of entire communities. 139. Influential States have turned away from the difficult work required for a political solution. Some States continue to deliver shipments of arms, artillery and aircraft or contribute logistical and strategic assistance to the Government. Other States, organizations and individuals support armed groups with weapons and funding. The weapons they transfer to the warring parties in the Syrian Arab Republic are used in the perpetration of war crimes, crimes against humanity and violations of human rights. 140. Recent events emphasize the urgency of finding a political settlement to the war. Accountability forms an essential part of the process. As the Security Council recognized in its resolutions 2139 (2014) and 2165 (2014), the protection of civilians is pivotal and victims of violations deserve effective redress. B. Recommendations 141. The commission of inquiry reiterates the recommendations made in its previous reports. Further, it makes the recommendations set out below. 142. The commission of inquiry recommends that all parties: (a) Comply comprehensively with human rights and international humanitarian law, and ensure that material support for individuals and groups is consistent with these bodies of law; (b) Ensure the effective implementation of Security Council resolutions 2139 (2014) and 2165 (2014) (and other relevant presidential statements and resolutions) on humanitarian access and assistance; (c) Promote the understanding of religious law and ensure that its interpretation and application avoid violence and uphold human rights, especially the rights of women and children, without discrimination; (d) Counter extremist groups and their actions by addressing the environment giving rise to extremism; (e) Ensure that those who have committed or are otherwise responsible for violations of human rights and international humanitarian law are brought to justice, 22