A/HRC/22/59 121. Police exercising civilian law enforcement functions are not a legitimate target for attack. Moreover, the attack occurred in a busy civilian neighbourhood, with resulting civilian casualties. This bombing is an unlawful attack on a civilian population. 122. A bomb exploded in the southern Damascus neighbourhood of Daf Al-Shok on 26 October. It reportedly was detonated near a children’s playground, killing five people and wounding 23. There was no evidence of a legitimate military target in the vicinity and the explosion resulted in civilian casualties. This bombing is an unlawful attack on a civilian population. 123. On 29 October, two car bombs exploded in different places in Damascus. The first was detonated outside a bakery in Jaramana, a predominantly Christian and Druze area of the city. There were some indications that a nearby police station may have been the intended target. There were no reported casualties, though 32 people were said to have been injured. 124. As above, police exercising civilian law enforcement functions are not a legitimate target for attack. This bombing is an unlawful attack on a civilian population. 125. On the same day, 29 October, a car bomb exploded in Al-Hajar Al-Aswad in southern Damascus, reportedly resulting in an unknown number of deaths. It was unclear if there had been an intended target. Based on the information currently available, this attack may be considered unlawful. 126. A bomb exploded near a Shi’a Muslim shrine, in the Sayyidah Zaynab area of Damascus on 31 October. Reports indicated that six people were killed and 13 were injured. There was no obvious intended military target. This bombing constitutes an unlawful attack. 127. Three bombs exploded in the Al-Wuroud district of Damascus, a predominantly Alawite neighbourhood on 6 November. The blasts occurred near housing for the elite Republican Guard. Reportedly at least 15 people were killed. It was unclear whether any of the injured were civilians. 128. A Republican Guard compound is a legitimate military target. However there is currently insufficient information to determine how the attack was staged and its impact, if any, on civilians. Consequently, it has not been possible to determine whether the attack was disproportionate to the direct and concrete military advantage anticipated from the attack. 129. On 6 November, a car bomb was detonated near a shopping mall in the mixed neighbourhood of Ibn Al-Nafis, killing and injuring several people. There was no obvious intended military target. On the information currently available, this bombing is likely to constitute an unlawful attack. 130. A car bomb exploded near a mosque in the Sunni working-class district of AlQadam in southern Damascus on 7 November. There were reportedly dozens of casualties. There was no obvious intended military target. On the information currently available, this bombing is likely to constitute an unlawful attack. 131. On 18 November, a car bomb exploded after midnight in Mezzah, a predominantly Alawite area of Damascus. There were no casualties. There was no obvious intended military target. This bombing constitutes an unlawful attack. 132. Two car bombs exploded outside the State Security Directorate and a regional military office in Damascus on 23 December. The Government stated that 44 people had been killed, many of them civilians. The FSA released a statement denying its involvement and suggesting that the Government had staged the bombing, which came during the visit of the League of Arab States. GE.13-10627 105