A/HRC/10/22 page 27 IV. RECOMMENDATIONS 99. The recommendations formulated by the mandates whose submissions are included above have been compiled and merged in the section below. 100. The protection of civilians requires immediate action by all parties and the international community. 101. All parties to the conflict should cease all actions violating international human rights and humanitarian law. In particular, the occupying Power should: (a) End the blockade on Gaza negatively affecting civilians; (b) Allow unimpeded and safe passage and access to Gaza of humanitarian assistance, including food aid; (c) Allow the unrestricted imports of medical supplies, foodstuffs and agricultural inputs, fuel and construction materials; (d) Grant prompt permission for patients with medical referrals for treatment outside Gaza, especially for expectant and nursing mothers; (e) Ensure the free and unimpeded movement of civilians between Gaza and other parts of the Occupied Palestinian Territory. 102. All parties should establish accountability mechanisms providing for law-based, independent, impartial, transparent and accessible investigations of alleged breaches of international human rights and humanitarian law in accordance with their respective obligations. Such investigations must hold perpetrators to account and provide redress to victims where violations are found to have occurred. Investigations should address, inter alia, the following issues: (a) Violations of the principles of distinction, proportionality and precaution: a significant number of incidents have occurred where the circumstances and the large number of civilians killed in a single attack raise prima facie concerns that the attacks were carried out without respect for these principles; (b) Targeting of Palestinian civilian police and members of the Hamas political wing: Israel is accused of having intentionally targeted civilians and civilian objects considered connected to Hamas, but not taking direct part in hostilities; (c) Use of human shields and placing civilians at risk: there are credible reports of both Israel and Hamas co-locating military targets near civilians and civilian objects. There are specific reports that Hamas fired rockets and conducted other military offensives from residential areas, and that Israeli soldiers took sniper positions from within Palestinian homes, endangering the lives of residents; (d) Extrajudicial executions by Hamas of Palestinian civilians;