A/HRC/45/7 To protect the rights of those affected, the Special Rapporteur plans to pay special attention to the consideration of individual complaints. 62. The freedom of States to conduct international relations is limited by international law. The Charter of the United Nations grants the Security Council extraordinary powers to decide on the application of, inter alia, non-military measures for the maintenance of international peace and security. Recognizing that the United Nations is the guarantor of the world order, the Special Rapporteur stresses the need to establish a transparent and comprehensive system of control, delisting, restoration of rights, reparation and compensation under the auspices of the United Nations. 63. The Special Rapporteur will also focus particular attention to the specific impact of cybertechnologies on the grounds, types, scope and means of unilateral sanctions in the existing legal framework. V. Establishment of networking cooperation A. Networking cooperation within the United Nations 64. The notion of sanctions has been broadly used and discussed by different organs of the United Nations and other international organizations. Some have focused on specific aspects of the application of sanctions, others on the relationship between the available mechanisms and the consequences of counter-terrorism and still others on economic sanctions, cooperation among States, protection of human rights as a whole or the protection of the rights of women, children, the elderly and other vulnerable categories of the population. 65. Each of those organs and organizations establishes a specific legal regime to regulate its particular sphere of responsibility and to establish corresponding purposes, principles and a legal regime. As a result, States are often seeking to achieve the purposes of one regime at the expense of another, in so far as the application of unilateral sanctions touches on a broad scope of issues, including security, cybersecurity, the rule of law, trade and development, human rights and humanitarian and refugee law. The Special Rapporteur affirms, then, the need for a better understanding of the relationships and intersections between these bodies, their legal regimes and the mandate. This should be done not for pure abstract or academic purposes but because it is the only way to help States and international organizations to better understand their rights and obligations under international law in the sphere of unilateral action and to protect, correspondingly, the rights of affected people, especially taking into account the most vulnerable, who are the ones suffering the most. 66. The Special Rapporteur underscores the importance of interacting with the United Nations sanctions architecture, which includes a number of subsidiary organs of the Organization. 67. The Special Rapporteur intends to engage with the sanctions committees established by the Security Council. Member States do not implement United Nations sanctions uniformly because of variations in their capabilities, domestic legal requirements and interests. United Nations sanctions may also become the basis for supplemental unilateral measures or be cited as justification for purely unilateral measures. Sometimes the process by which a Member State applies the decisions of a sanctions committee is challenged within its domestic legal system on the grounds that it violates human rights that the State is obliged to protect. 68. The Special Rapporteur believes that cooperation with the Security Council Committee established pursuant to resolution 1373 (2001) concerning counter-terrorism, through its Executive Directorate, in conjunction with the Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms while countering terrorism could focus on strengthening the Committee’s efforts to ensure the protection of sanctioned individuals’ human rights. Reports by the Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms while countering terrorism 12

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