A/HRC/29/23 Contents Page I. Introduction ............................................................................................................. 1–2 3 II. Recent developments............................................................................................... 3–8 3 III. Applicable international standards and obligations ................................................. 9 – 19 4 A. To protect individuals from violence .............................................................. 11 – 12 5 B. To prevent torture and ill-treatment ................................................................ 13 – 14 5 C. To decriminalize homosexuality and to repeal other laws used to punish individuals on the basis of sexual orientation and gender identity ................. 15 6 To protect individuals from discrimination on grounds of sexual orientation and gender identity ......................................................................................... 16 – 17 6 To protect rights to freedom of expression, association and assembly and to take part in the conduct of public affairs ................................................................ 18 – 19 7 Homophobic and transphobic violence ................................................................... 20 – 40 7 A. Context............................................................................................................ 20 – 25 7 B. Killings ........................................................................................................... 26 – 30 8 C. Other violence, including sexual violence ...................................................... 31 – 33 9 D. Torture and ill-treatment ................................................................................. 34 – 38 10 E. Positive developments since 2011 .................................................................. 39 – 40 11 Discrimination ......................................................................................................... 41 – 75 12 A. Discriminatory laws ........................................................................................ 43 – 49 12 B. Discriminatory practices ................................................................................. 50 – 70 14 C. Positive developments since 2011 .................................................................. 71 – 75 19 Conclusions and recommendations ......................................................................... 76 – 81 20 A. States ............................................................................................................... 78 – 79 20 B. National human rights institutions .................................................................. 80 21 C. Human Rights Council ................................................................................... 81 22 D. E. IV. V. VI. 2 Paragraphs