A/HRC/32/23 determined contributions submitted to the United Nations Convention on Climate Change, and in other climate policies and actions at all levels. They should improve cross-sectoral cooperation and design specialized frameworks for tackling threats to health relating to climate change. 57. To ensure climate-resilient populations, States should also take measures to develop sustainable and resilient health systems and infrastructure, including for water and sanitation, and to fulfil their minimum core obligations with regard to the right to health,60 including by promoting universal health coverage and social protection floors. 58. Effective rights-based climate action requires open and participatory institutions and processes, as well as accurate and transparent measurements of greenhouse gas emissions, climate change, including its impacts. States should make early-warning information regarding climate effects and natural disasters publicly available and easily accessible. Adaptation and mitigation plans should be public and transparently financed and designed in consultation with the groups affected. Vulnerable groups must participate in efforts to integrate human rights in climate policies and be empowered to address climate change and its impacts, including throughout relevant processes and mechanisms relating to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Health and climate education should be promoted to facilitate the meaningful, informed participation of those groups. Impact assessments should ensure that climate actions respect human rights, particularly the right to health.61 Further, States should develop and monitor relevant human rights indicators in the context of climate change; keep disaggregated data to track the varied impacts of climate change across demographic groups; and enable effective, rights-compliant climate action. 59. Climate mitigation and adaptation efforts should place people at the centre, be gender sensitive, and ensure the rights of persons, groups and peoples in vulnerable situations, including women, children, indigenous peoples, migrants and the poor. States should develop a rights-based approach to environmental migration by integrating climate change and migrants’ health into their development, health and disaster risk reduction and management plans and policies. To ensure gender equality and women’s empowerment, States should promote the full and equal participation of women in decision-making processes, including those relating to disaster risk reduction and resilience; and improve women’s access to education, land, technologies, credit, social protection and resilient health systems. Measures should also be taken to protect indigenous peoples’ traditional knowledge, lands and resources and ensure their participation in relevant decision-making processes. 60. Health protection should be a priority for investment in climate adaptation and mitigation. Efforts should be targeted to capitalize on climate and health co-benefits that lead to direct reductions in the burden of ill-health, enhance community resilience, alleviate poverty and address global inequity. These could include, for example, measures that: reduce local emissions of air pollutants from energy systems through improved energy efficiency and cleaner energy sources; promote active transport systems leading to lower emissions and better health; shift consumption away from animal products towards more sustainable and healthier diets; provide access to reproductive health services, including modern family planning; and protect 60 61 See Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights general comment No. 14, para. 43. See article 4 of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (committing States to consider the public health impacts of their mitigation and adaptation activities). 17