A/HRC/42/38 (c) States should recognize and protect the work of women human rights defenders, end all forms of persecution and violence against them, and ensure an enabling environment for their activism to realize the right to development; (d) States and international development partners should provide adequate financial and other resources to non-governmental organizations, human rights defenders and other stakeholders whose work supports the realization of all human rights, including the right to development. 159. States should respect the claims of indigenous peoples for land and associated rights, preserve their interests and seek their free, prior and informed consent in development processes. Regional and international levels 160. States should properly resource international complaints mechanisms at the global and regional levels and invest in supporting strong mechanisms for implementing and following up on their findings and recommendations. 161. States Members of the United Nations should ratify the Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, enabling individuals and civil society to raise specific cases under the Covenant. 162. States members of the African Union should ratify the Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights on the Establishment of an African Court on Human and Peoples’ Rights. They should recognize the competence of the Court to receive cases from individuals and civil society. 163. In their reporting to the international human rights treaty bodies, States should systematically include practical examples of how their implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development has had a positive impact on advancing human rights. 164. States involved in the universal periodic review process of the Human Rights Council should report on progress made on the right to development. The United Nations should support initiatives in this regard, including with capacity-building assistance. 165. States should promote the integration of human rights in reports on the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals, particularly as States review the format and organizational aspects of the high-level political forum on sustainable development. 166. States and other stakeholders should conduct further advocacy to bring the implementation of the Paris Agreement on Climate Change into full conformity with the obligation to respect, protect, promote and fulfil human rights, including the right to development. 167. States should fulfil their extraterritorial obligations by regulating the actions of multinational corporations headquartered in their territories. They should support the creation of a legally binding treaty on transnational corporations that would also bind Stateowned corporations. 168. States and investors should reform the investor-State dispute settlement system, which allows complaints against States in relation to investment agreements, so that it is fairer and in compliance with international human rights standards. 169. States should establish dispute settlement mechanisms at the regional and international levels that promote and respect State sovereignty and equality between States. United Nations entities and mechanisms 170. The treaty monitoring bodies should systematically include, in their periodic reviews, assessments of States parties’ implementation of the right to development. 19