A/HRC/35/9 policies and strategies that include specific attention to gender considerations and address access to, affordability of and participation in ICTs for all women. Such policies should be developed in consultation with all sections of society, including business enterprises and civil society, in particular women’s organizations. ICT policies should also be linked to existing gender and development policies. 51. States should include ICT literacy skills in educational curricula for girls, and support similar learning modules outside of schools. 52. At the international level, States, in particular developed States, should honour their commitment, expressed, inter alia, in the Sustainable Development Goals, to facilitate technology transfer to developing States, and integrate programmes to facilitate women’s access to ICTs in their development and assistance policies. 53. States should collect, analyse and track sex- and gender-disaggregated data on ICT access and usage in order to reach a better understanding of how digital inclusion can be achieved and how to develop informed policies. 54. States must ensure equitable access to online information and public services, taking into consideration the diversity of Internet users, as well as the ways people use the Internet. They should provide public access to ICT facilities for women and improve relevant and local online content. In view of current limitations to digital access, States should also make available alternative offline modes of access to public information and services. 55. Business enterprises should innovate to reduce the cost of ICT devices and services. They should consult and engage with women from diverse backgrounds, and include women in ICT design, development and production processes to improve the relevance of ICT services, content and applications. 56. Civil society participation, in particular that of women’s organizations, should be ensured in national and international ICT policymaking processes. They should be actively involved in the process of developing ICT content relevant to women. Combating online violence against women 57. A multi-pronged approach to combating online violence against women is required, including education and media campaigns, and working with all relevant parties. Online violence against women must be dealt with in the broader context of offline gender discrimination and violence. 58. Any measures to eliminate online violence against women must comply with international human rights law, including the criteria for permissible restrictions to freedom of expression provided under article 19 (3) of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. 59. States and business enterprises should act to prevent and combat online violence against women. They should collect comprehensive data on the extent and nature of online violence against women and conduct further research to understand and address its underlying causes and how best to combat it. Civil society should monitor this data collection to ensure it is done in an effective and gender-sensitive manner. 60. States should enact adequate legislative measures and ensure appropriate responses to address the phenomenon of violence against women online, including through investigation of and action against perpetrators, the provision of redress and reparations to victims, and training on the application of international human rights norms and standards for law enforcement and the judiciary. 61. When involved in content moderation, business enterprises, including Internet intermediaries, should put in place clear, transparent and proportionate procedures, respecting human rights, in particular women’s rights, and the rights to privacy and to freedom of opinion and expression. Relevant staff, both female and male, should be trained accordingly. Business enterprises should ensure that information about their terms of service and how these are enforced is adequate, understandable and easily available to all users. They should provide information about best practices for online 15