A/HRC/35/9 Right to health 27. The right to health requires equal access for women and men to health-care services, as well as ensured access to services required only by women. 58 Sexual and reproductive health constitutes a key aspect of women’s right to health and is related to other human rights, including the rights to life, liberty and security of person and freedom from torture, as well as the rights to privacy, education and the prohibition of discrimination. 59 The right to health includes the ability for women to make decisions about their health, such as deciding freely and responsibly on the number and spacing of their children, and to have access to the information, education and means to exercise this right. 60 ICTs can offer access to websites and resources that enable women to make more informed decisions about their sexual and reproductive health, while respecting confidentiality and eliminating stigma-related barriers.61 28. The adoption of e-health and m-health (mobile) can lead to more cost-effective and inclusive access to health care, while data analytics and artificial intelligence can help identify appropriate treatments and facilitate early diagnosis and intervention. 62 There is thus significant potential to harness ICTs for women’s health. The development of e-health and m-health pose some important challenges, however, including information censorship, misinformation, the protection of data privacy and the limits of one-way health information.63 Furthermore, much of the health-related information available online focuses on motherhood and childbirth, with less attention paid to topics such as safe abortion and contraception within the framework of sexual and reproductive health and rights. 64 Right to education and to participate in cultural life 29. ICTs can provide increased access to affordable and inclusive educational opportunities for women, with the ability of digital devices to multiply learning pathways and diversify learning approaches. The Committee on the Rights of the Child has described how the Internet can provide education for children through mobile school programmes. 65 The Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression has also highlighted some of the educational advantages derived from Internet usage and how those can directly contribute to human capital. 66 The Special Rapporteur on the right to education has noted, however, that while the provision of education through digital technology can have important benefits, special attention must be paid to questions of skills and access, including for women, to avoid contributing to gender disparities.67 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 See Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women, art. 12; Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women, general recommendation No. 24 (1999) on women and health; Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, general comment No. 14 (2000) on the right to the highest attainable standard of health. Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, general comment No. 22 (2016) on the right to sexual and reproductive health; see also A/61/338. See Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women, arts. 10 and 16. Examples include the Mobile Alliance for Maternal Action (see www.mobilemamaalliance.org/), TriGivia (see http://esaro.unfpa.org/news/creating-youth-app-sexual-health#sthash.zSNKrA5G.dpuf), Text4baby (see www.text4baby.org/), Team GetIN (see www.unfpa.org/news/new-mobile-appbrings-digital-revolution-adolescent-maternal-care-uganda#sthash.KQOU8Adn.dpuf) and the Ibis Reproductive Health website (www.medicationabortion.com). See also input from Maya Apa. World Health Organization and ITU, E-Health and Innovation in Women’s and Children’s Health: A Baseline Review (2014). Association for Progressive Communications, “Internet governance issues on sexuality and women’s rights” (2010). L. Waldman and M. Stevens, “Sexual and reproductive health rights and information and communications technologies: a policy review and case study from South Africa”, Institute of Development Studies Evidence Report No. 113 (2015). General comment No. 11 (2009) on indigenous children and their rights under the Convention, para. 61. See A/69/335, para. 66; A/HRC/17/27, para. 62. See A/HRC/32/37, paras. 40-41. 9