A/HRC/7/14
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connections has been completely banned, thus allowing for total government oversight over
Internet use by its citizens.
24.
The Special Rapporteur further highlights the facts that, in several cases, these illegal
restrictions on the right to freedom of opinion and expression have been accepted and even
facilitated by leading Internet corporations, the majority of which are based in democratic
countries. Search engines, for example, have accepted many Governments’ imposition for
strict controls and censorship, such as blocking “politically sensitive terms” of search results
presented to individuals. Furthermore, the Special Rapporteur is deeply worried about many
large Internet corporations who have disclosed personal information of their users to allow
Governments to identify and convict internet writers.
Diversity
25.
The Special Rapporteur emphasizes the importance of promoting diversity in the
media. In particular, he stresses three fundamental dimensions of diversity that should be
promoted: (a) diversity of outlets, in particular the establishment of a free environment for the
creation and dissemination of outlets; (b) diversity of sources, especially taking advantage of
the full benefits of digital platforms, in particular the Internet, to strengthen the right to
freedom of opinion and expression; and (c) diversity of content, allowing for different
communities and vulnerable groups to have access to media outlets and find ways to
effectively disseminate their voice.
26.
One of the central problems relating to the promotion of diversity refers to the
licensing of media outlets. State-controlled licensing procedures have, in many countries,
become a technical means of curbing media independence, particularly through normal and
periodic procedures of renewal of licenses. These procedures have been used systematically
by some Governments not as a regular administrative practice, but rather as a policy tool to
wield influence over editorial content. The Special Rapporteur reiterates that, in order to
guarantee freedom of the press, licensing should always be conducted by an independent
authority, free from political interference by government officials. Furthermore, licensing
procedures are only justified as a response to problems of scarcity, thus restricted to the
broadcast media.
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