A/HRC/39/23 reconciliation and capacity in South Sudan (A/HRC/31/49). In their April 2018 report, OHCHR and the United Nations Support Mission in Libya documented that armed groups across Libya regularly seized and held, outside the legal framework, suspected opponents or critics, including journalists and media workers, 93 and that the Libyan National Army targeted and apprehended media workers, activists and others perceived as critical of, or not sufficiently loyal to, the Libyan National Army.94 42. Since 2008, the UNESCO Director General has produced a biennial report on the killing of journalists and the progress of judicial inquiries. 95 The report enables States to take stock of developments and discuss challenges linked to promoting the safety of journalists and combating impunity. The Director General also makes statements concerning the killing of journalists. 96 43. The Council of Europe’s platform to promote the protection of journalism and safety of journalists97 documents attacks against journalists, including the number of journalists in detention and cases in which impunity persists for the murder of journalists. It compiles, processes and disseminates concerns regarding media freedom and the safety of journalists. The platform also aims to improve protection of journalists by fostering early warning mechanisms, better addressing threats and violence and improving the capacity for responding to them.98 44. The Inter-American Commission on Human Rights has produced reports documenting violence against journalists in the Americas, for example in Honduras, 99 Mexico,100 Guatemala101 and Venezuela.102 45. A number of civil society actors monitor freedom of expression and the protection of journalists. The Committee to Protect Journalists’ annual Global Impunity Index103 ranks countries in which journalists are killed and there is no accountability. Reporters Without Borders produces the annual World Press Freedom Index, which ranks 180 States according to freedom for journalists based on an evaluation of media pluralism and independence, legislative framework and safety of journalists. 104 The Press Emblem Campaign documented the killing of 44 journalists in 18 countries from 1 January to 30 April 2018, compared with 28 journalists during the same period in 2017, an increase of 57 per cent. 105 V. Complaint mechanisms 46. Complaint mechanisms address allegations about human rights violations and harm suffered. They may adjudicate allegations and determine responsibility and appropriate penalties and/or remedies. Others may be mandated to report facts, ascribe responsibility and make recommendations for addressing the past and preventing future recurrence. By ensuring accountability for violations, complaint mechanisms can deter, and thereby prevent, attacks. 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 See www.ohchr.org/Documents/Countries/LY/AbuseBehindBarsArbitraryUnlawful_EN.pdf, sect. 5.1. Ibid., p. 19. See https://en.unesco.org/dg-report. See https://en.unesco.org/news/director-general-condemns-killing-journalist-abdullah-al-qadry-yemen and https://en.unesco.org/news/director-general-condemns-murder-journalist-karla-turcios-salvador. See www.coe.int/en/web/media-freedom. See www.coe.int/en/web/media-freedom/the-platform. See OEA/Ser.L/V/II, doc. 42/15, paras. 214–215. Ibid., doc. 44/15, paras. 428–430. Ibid., doc. 208/17, paras. 249–299. Ibid., doc. 209/17, paras. 282–308 and 323–327. See https://cpj.org/reports/Impunity-2017_NEW.pdf. See https://rsf.org/en/world-press-freedom-index. See http://pressemblem.ch/pec-news.shtml. 13