A/HRC/30/25 D. Universal periodic review 73. Issues concerning indigenous peoples were frequently addressed in the context of the universal periodic review. During the reporting period, 42 countries were reviewed for the second time during the nineteenth, twentieth and twenty-first sessions of the Working Group on the Universal Periodic Review of the Human Rights Council. Recommendations relating to indigenous peoples were made to a number of countries, in particular with regard to harmonizing legislation with obligations under the ILO Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention, 1989 (No. 169) and strengthening of the legal and institutional framework for the protection and promotion of the rights of indigenous peoples. Calls were also made, inter alia, to reinforce efforts to eliminate discrimination against indigenous peoples; guarantee birth registration of all indigenous children; ensure access to education and health services and to land and natural resources; and enhance cooperation and involvement of indigenous peoples in decision-making. 74. Examples of the above-mentioned recommendations included the adoption of a law on the autonomous development of indigenous peoples in Costa Rica; special attention to land rights of Pygmy peoples in the Democratic Republic of the Congo; efforts to eliminate discrimination against indigenous women and girls in Nicaragua; and strategies to combat discrimination against indigenous peoples and others in Norway. IV. Conclusions 75. The rights of indigenous peoples have remained a priority for the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR), as illustrated by its actions in the country and regional contexts and its support to mechanisms of the Human Rights Council and other intergovernmental bodies, as well as international processes. 76. The first ever World Conference on Indigenous Peoples, held in 2014, was a landmark event in the advancement of indigenous peoples’ rights. It resulted in commitments by Member States to enhance the implementation of the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples through national action plans and other measures in key areas ranging from violence against indigenous women to addressing the impact of major development projects on indigenous peoples. It is essential that Member States, in partnership with indigenous peoples and with support from OHCHR and other United Nations partners, ensure robust follow-up to these and other commitments contained the outcome document. 77. During the period under review, OHCHR further expanded its work on advancing the rights of indigenous peoples at the country level. Various capacitybuilding initiatives have revealed persistent obstacles to the exercise of the right to consultation across sectors in some country contexts. The absence of consultation in many instances has led to unfavourable outcomes for indigenous peoples. Even where legal frameworks contain provisions on consultation and consent, multiple challenges hinder their implementation, contrary to the provisions of the Declaration. 78. The work of OHCHR across the globe, assessments by the Special Rapporteur on the rights of indigenous peoples, concluding observations by the treaty bodies and recommendations of other United Nations mechanisms reveal recurring patterns of human rights concerns. Problematic areas include the recognition of indigenous peoples and their self-determination with respect to autonomous governance; the rights to lands, territories and resources; the absence of mechanisms for justice and the adjudication of claims; inadequacies in legal frameworks; the absence of 14