A/HRC/44/61 United Nations General Assembly Distr.: General 3 September 2020 Original: English Human Rights Council Forty-fourth session 15 June–3 July 2020 Agenda item 4 Human rights situations that require the Council’s attention Report of the Independent International Commission of Inquiry on the Syrian Arab Republic*, ** Summary The present report covers events in Idlib and surrounding areas from 1 November 2019 to 1 June 2020, including 52 emblematic attacks by all parties, which led to civilian casualties and/or damage to civilian infrastructure. These attacks had impacts on medical facilities (17 attacks); schools (14 attacks); markets (9 attacks); and homes (12 attacks), which involved war crimes. They foreseeably led to massive displacement, as civilians had no choice but to flee, and may amount to crimes against humanity. Meanwhile, Hay’at Tahrir al-Sham, designated as a terrorist organization by the United Nations, also committed war crimes outside the immediate context of hostilities, while Government forces engaged in unlawful pillaging. * The present report was submitted after the deadline in order to reflect the most recent developments. ** The annexes to the present report are circulated as received, in the language of submission only. GE.20-11441(E) 