A/HRC/34/33 each country receiving technical cooperation ought to be borne in mind. He pointed out that both political will and technical cooperation were vital elements of successful human rights implementation, and that civil society had a crucial role to play in putting pressure on Governments. The need for adequate resources, however, had to be recognized as a key prerequisite for effective human rights policy implementation. 57. The representative of Algeria explained that the State had been able to verify, by means of a number of studies and reports issued by United Nations bodies, that there was a close link between acute poverty and human rights. The representative asked the panellists to elaborate on experiences on how developed countries had translated their human rights obligations into a commitment to spend 0.7 per cent of their GDP on development aid. 58. The representative of Italy explained that, in Italy, two parliamentary committees worked closely with the Government with a specific mandate to monitor human rights, to collect information, to raise awareness and to enhance dialogue among stakeholders. Italy was striving to integrate asylum seekers by means of a protection system for asylum seekers and refugees (referred to as SPRAR), by which the central Government would transfer more powers to the local authorities to address the needs of asylum seekers and facilitate their integration. Civil society was deeply involved in the management of the system. 59. Lin Lim, a member of the United Nations Voluntary Fund for Technical Cooperation in the Field of Human Rights, observed that, while the role of civil society was much discussed, who was actually being discussed was less clear. She noted that vulnerable groups were often represented by non-governmental organizations that did not always actually include representatives of the groups. It was important to be clear on how these groups were able to participate in decision-making in a genuine and meaningful way. 60. Mr. Boulaa asked whether Ms. Crăciunean-Tatu could provide some illustrations of policies implemented in Romania for Roma people in the country and at the European Union level, noting that Romania had obligations at both the national and European levels. 61. Ms. Crăciunean-Tatu recalled that, according to the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, lack of resources could not be used as an excuse for not implementing those rights, given that resources could come not only from the State itself but also through international cooperation. With regard to national and European Union policies, in Romania, the strategy for Roma inclusion took relevant European Union laws and policies into full account. VI. Fourth dialogue: mechanisms and tools for monitoring the implementation of national policies and follow-up 62. Shahrzad Tadjbakhsh, the Chief of the Universal Periodic Review Branch of OHCHR, stated that the human rights monitoring bodies, including the treaty bodies, the special procedures and the universal periodic review, were key resources in the design of and follow-up on national policies. Participatory and accountable policies helped to ensure better ownership and more sustained impact. Successful human rights mainstreaming required effective interministerial coordination, good planning, accurate data and precise indicators. 63. José Antonio Burneo Labrin, Professor at the Catholic University of Peru, gave an overview of his experiences in national policymaking in Peru and his personal engagement in the development of the State’s two national plans of action on human rights. The monitoring of and follow-up on the implementation of human rights obligations should not be the sole duty of one central institution, but involve a plurality of State actors. Ministries 12