A/HRC/14/38 vision of the human right to peace as it had originally been presented. One instrument that had been used for the International Decade for a Culture of Peace was the Manifesto 2000 for a Culture of Peace and Non-violence, which had been signed by millions of people. 51. Mr. Tiburcio finally indicated that currently UNESCO had no specific position on the human right to peace. It supported, participated in and cooperated with organizations which were working in the field of peace education. The current UNESCO Director had decided that UNESCO peace activities needed to be strengthened. A decision had therefore been taken to re-establish the culture of peace as a cross-cutting UNESCO programme. 52. Mr. Schabas indicated that there was currently some momentum to clarify the legal nature of the human right to peace. He expressed concern about the fact that the current debate on the crime of aggression in the context of the International Criminal Court could potentially harm that momentum. The review conference in June of 2010 that would decide whether to give the Court authority over the crime of aggression might or might not be successful. There were major obstacles to overcome, particularly because of the position of the permanent members of the Security Council. In the past it had proven very helpful to have an expert study on burgeoning rights. Having an in-depth academic study from a human rights perspective could help the Human Rights Council decide how to ensure that the right to peace found its place in international law. 53. Mr. de Zayas recalled that the United Nations must deliver on its mandate to save succeeding generations from the scourge of war. Peace and human rights could be considered as the object and purpose of the Charter of the United Nations. Moreover, disarmament was crucial to the survival of mankind. A world where human rights were respected was a world much less likely to engage in armed conflict. It was, thus, important to reaffirm the motto of the International Labour Organization “if you desire peace, cultivate justice”. Education for peace in its collective and individual dimensions was therefore necessary. Moreover, the work of civil society, including the drafting of the Luarca Declaration on the Human Right to Peace, must be welcomed. 54. Mr. de Zayas concluded by suggesting that the Human Rights Council could create the mandate of a special rapporteur or independent expert on the right to peace. 55. Mr. Yutzis indicated that no one doubted that peace was a long-awaited need, an indispensable achievement to transform the world into a home for all men and women who inhabited the planet. While it had never been easier to achieve peace, efforts were hampered by the negative currents that inhabited and were part of the human condition. Nevertheless, the will existed to create a humanity that was more united, more open to others and more humane, in peace and harmony. The end of the cold war and the disappearance of an identified enemy had not modified the structure of armies or slowed down the research and manufacture of weapons of mass destruction. For its part, peace was at the mercy of bilateral agreements related to arms control and was without relevant decisions to establish just relations between all human beings and a viable ethics of relations between humans and the environment. Peace remained an elusive dream in many parts of the world. 56. Mr. Yutzis also noted that currently, the Human Rights Council was divided on the meaning and scope of the right to peace, and even the existence of that emerging right. The division had been inherited from the previous work of the Commission on Human Rights and the General Assembly during the cold war. Since the adoption by the General Assembly of the Declaration on the Preparation of Societies for Life in Peace (1978) and the Declaration on the Right of Peoples to Peace (1984), States had found ways of consensus to significantly advance the definition, content and scope of the right to peace. Mr. Yutzis suggested that the right to peace could be addressed within international human rights law from three perspectives: as part of the emerging right to international solidarity; 14 GE.10-12138