A/HRC/30/39 marginalized and disadvantaged individuals and groups, that consider all costs associated with water, sanitation and hygiene; (e) Consider affordability standards together with other standards, particularly for availability and quality, to ensure that people can afford to pay for the services based on human rights standards; (f) Ensure participation in the process of decision-making on determining mechanisms for allocating public financing and setting tariffs; (g) Use public financing to support access for people living in poverty and those who are marginalized or discriminated against and eliminate inequalities in access to water and sanitation services; (h) Give careful thought particularly to ensuring the affordability of sanitation provision, where costs are frequently underestimated; (i) Focus on ensuring affordability for the most disadvantaged, including communities in informal settlements and communities that rely on self-supply, and explore different mechanisms to achieve this; (j) Consider the impact of mechanisms adopted to ensure affordability, whether universal systems are actually universal in scope and reach beyond networked supply, and whether targeted systems (whether based on income, geographic location, type of access or other factor) in fact reach the intended beneficiaries; (k) Put into place strong regulatory frameworks and bodies for ensuring affordability of service provision that covers all types of services; (l) Address corrupt practices that add to the cost of service provision; (m) Prohibit disconnections that result from an inability to pay; (n) Monitor affordability of water and sanitation service provision through focused studies that examine income levels in different settlements, considering all costs relating to access to water and sanitation, including hygiene and menstrual hygiene requirements; (o) Where prepaid water meters are considered, ensure that households that face an inability to pay are not disconnected from water supply and that quantity, continuity and quality of water meet human rights standards. 88. In addition, the Special Rapporteur encourages the treaty bodies and other human rights monitoring mechanisms to pay increasing attention to the affordability of water and sanitation service provision in the particular contexts people live in. 89. The Special Rapporteur encourages States and international organizations to further explore options for global monitoring that allow for more comprehensive monitoring of affordable access to services. 22

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