A/HRC/42/CRP.5 ordnance was in an area that civilians populated before the offensive. The Mission is concerned about reports that some demining operations conducted by the Tatmadaw may have failed to meet relevant quality standards1401 and did not include agricultural land surrounding residential areas.1402 The Mission concludes on reasonable grounds that the use of landmines by all parties in areas where civilian could be present raises serious concerns about their indiscriminate effects, given that the landmines are unable to distinguish between civilians and military objects. The Mission also concludes on reasonable grounds that all parties should minimize their use of landmines and IEDs to limit their short, medium and long-term effects on the civilian population and must mark and inform civilians of the location of landmines that no longer serve a lawful military purpose. E. Displacement, livelihoods and land 583. By the end of May 2019 there were over 106,500 IDPs living in 169 locations in 20 townships in Kachin and Shan States. Of those, 36 per cent were located in 19 sites in areas beyond government control where international agencies have had no access since June 2016.1403 Women and children together made up 76 per cent and 78 per cent of the displaced populations in camps in Kachin and Shan States, respectively.1404 The Mission received reports that renewed fighting in northern Shan State that began in the second half of August 2019 has resulted in significant displacement of civilians. In a statement issued on 21 August 2019, 11 civil society organisations and activists from northern Shan State called for the urgent prioritization of humanitarian relief for the populations affected by the recent hostilities, in particular, the elderly, young women, children and people living with disabilities in conflict-affected areas and IDP camps.1405 584. Although there has been an improvement in humanitarian access to some government-controlled areas of Kachin State and parts of Shan State in July 2019, 1406 restrictions on humanitarian access in northern Myanmar persisted during the reporting period.1407 The Government has not permitted United Nations agencies, funds and programs to deliver assistance in contested areas since June 2016, while access to others even in government-controlled areas continues to decline.1408 Effective humanitarian access has not been granted to 55 per cent of IDPs as the Government either failed to approve travel authorizations for contested areas or approved them with significant restrictions and only with respect to the main towns in government-controlled areas.1409 Reports received by the Mission indicate that the procedures for humanitarian agencies to request government travel authorizations are increasingly cumbersome.1410 While national humanitarian actors do not require travel authorizations, reports indicate that bureaucratic procedures have reduced and challenged their access too.1411 585. The existing government restrictions on humanitarian access increasingly affect the displaced population’s access to food, education and health care. 1412 1401 1402 1403 1404 1405 1406 1407 1408 1409 1410 1411 1412 FFFGEN-1-88349, PM-009, GM-019, V-412. FFFGEN-1-88349, V-412 A/HRC/39/CRP.2, para. 295-305; Gender Profile for Humanitarian Action, and across the Humanitarian-Peace-Development Nexus (Rakhine, Kachin and Northern Shan Myanmar) January 2019; FFFGEN-1-86992. Gender Profile for Humanitarian Action, and across the Humanitarian-Peace-Development Nexus (Rakhine, Kachin and Northern Shan Myanmar) January 2019. V-375. https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/UNICEF%20Myanmar% 20Humanitarian%20Situation%20Report%20%237%20-%20July%202019.pdf. FFFGEN-1-88346, FFFGEN-1-86992, PM-009. FFFGEN-1-86992 and A/73/907-S/2019/509 para. 133. FFFGEN-1-86992. PM-009, FFFGEN-1-86992. FFFGEN-1-86992. FFFGEN-1-86992. 157