A/HRC/42/CRP.5 village departure certificate and/or NVC.271 Rohingya passing through these checkpoints regularly encountered harassment,272 extortion,273 mistreatment,274 mocking and insults275 by security forces, sometimes regardless of travel authorisation.276 As one interviewee stated: From Nga Kyin Tauk village to Buthidaung township (approximately 4 km distance), the authorities have established four additional checkpoints—one BGP and three Tatmadaw—making the total number of checkpoints nine: eight Tatmadaw and one BGP. These checkpoints carry out regular documentation checks and searches. 277 147. Authorities at checkpoints forced women to remove their veils; male officers searched their bodies and subjected them to sexual harassment. 278 Curfews 148. On 2 April 2019, the Rakhine State administration issued a local order authorizing a curfew in the five ethnic Rakhine dominated townships of Kyauktaw, Ponnagyun, Minbya, Mrauk-U and Rathedaung.279 On 11 April 2019, authorities issued an order extending a curfew that had been in place since June 2012 in Maungdaw and Buthidaung Townships, from where the majority of the Rohingya refugees of 2016 and 2017 came.280 In 2014, Rakhine State authorities lifted curfews in central Rakhine281 but in practice, they remain in effect, impeding the ability of Rohingya to move during certain periods. 149. The Government justified the expansion of the curfew in the context of the continuing fighting between the AA and the Tatmadaw, 282 However, the Mission has received no evidence of any link between the Rohingya and the AA. Rather the expansion of the curfew is part of the incremental tightening of restrictions on the Rohingya over the past eight years. These additional restrictions have exacerbated the already difficult living conditions for the Rohingya and they have been applied less strictly to non‐Rohingya communities.283 150. While the official curfew applied to Maungdaw and Buthidaung Townships are from 10 pm to 5 am, the Mission found that the authorities do not allow people to be outside their homes between 6 pm and 6 am.284 Interviewees told the Mission that the Village Administrator repeatedly warned residents to observe the curfew strictly from dusk to dawn.285 Villagers have to abide by the instructions and return home by 6 pm. In many instances, the Mission found that Rohingya working outside on farms return home by 4 pm for fear of arrest, physical violence, extortion and even death.286 The curfew is adversely 271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 279 280 281 282 283 284 285 286 50 FFFGEN-1-84224. FI-024, FI-025, FI-052, FI-053. FI-024, FI-025, FI-052, FI-053. FI-024, FI-025, FI-052, FI-053. FI-052, FI-053. CI-240, CI-308, FI-024, FI-025, FI-052, FI-053. FI-024. FI-024. FFFGEN-1-81184, Curfew Order Dated 1 April 2019, and an unofficial translation on file with the IIFFMM, V-370, Irrawaddy, Curfew Imposed in 5 Townships in Northern Rakhine, 2 April 2019, Facebook available from https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=180961302869533&set=a.112459099719754&type=3&t heater. A/HRC/39/CRP.2, para 509. A/HRC/39/CRP.2, Para 681. FFFGEN-1-81184, Curfew Order Dated 1 April 2019, and an unofficial translation on file with the IIFFMM, Irrawaddy, Curfew Imposed in 5 Townships in Northern Rakhine, 2 April 2019, Facebook, https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=180961302869533&set=a.112459099719754&type=3&t heater. FFFGEN-1-84223. FI-007, FI-010, FI-016, FI-024, FI-028, FI-031, FI-035, FI-041, FI-042, FFFGEN-1-84224. FI-007, FI-027. FI-007, FI-010, FI-016, FI-024, FI-028, FI-031, FI-035, FI-041, FI-042.