A/HRC/12/24
page 10
determinants of health, such as access to safe and potable water and adequate sanitation”.26 The
recently adopted reporting guidelines of that Committee also include sanitation under the right
to health.27
25. Article 24 of the Convention on the Rights of the Child explicitly refers to sanitation,
stating that States shall take appropriate measures “to ensure that all segments of society, in
particular parents and children, are informed, have access to education and are supported in the
use of basic knowledge of child health and nutrition ... hygiene and environmental sanitation ...”
The Committee on the Rights of the Child further includes sanitation under the right to health in
its general comment No. 11 (2009) on indigenous children and their rights under the
Convention,28 and general comment No. 7/Rev.1 (2005) on implementing child rights in early
childhood,29 and has also regularly linked sanitation to the right to health in its dialogues with
States parties.30
26. The Special Rapporteur on the right to the highest attainable standard of physical and
mental health affirmed that water and sanitation are underlying determinants of health, and
provided detailed guidance on the implications for the realization of the right to health.31
27. At the regional level, article 39 of the Arab Charter on Human Rights (2004)32 recognizes
“the right of every member of society to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of
physical and mental health …” Paragraph 2, outlining measures for implementation of the right,
provides in subparagraph (f) that this includes “providing proper sanitation systems”. The
Organization of American States has also referred to sanitation in the context of health and
human rights.33
26
E/C.12/2000/4, para. 11.
27
See note 20.
28
CRC/C/GC/11, para. 25.
29
CRC/C/GC/7/Rev.1, para. 27.
30
See e.g. CRC/C/15/Add.238 (Dominica), paras. 38-39; CRC/C/15/Add.237 (Myanmar),
paras. 53-54; CRC/C/GHA/CO/2 (Ghana), para. 49; CRC/C/THA/CO/2 (Thailand),
paras. 55-56; CRC/C/15/Add.225 (Armenia), para. 50; and CRC/C/15/Add.244 (Kyrgyzstan),
para. 50.
31
A/62/214, paras. 45-102.
32
Reprinted in 12 International Human Rights. Rep. 893 (2005). Entered into force
on 15 March 2008; signed by 15 States and ratified by 8 States.
33
Water, Health and Human Rights, AG/RES. 2349 (XXXVII-O/07), adopted at the fourth
plenary session held on 5 June 2007.
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