A/HRC/12/24
page 12
specifying “that infrastructure must be sited within communities and include a drinking water
supply and separate, private, safe sanitation services for girls” as well as “establish efficient
mechanisms for supplying sanitary towels to adolescent girls who so wish, especially in rural
areas, and ensure they can always have the use of the sanitation facilities they need”.39
E. The right to water
33. Sanitation has also been linked with the right to water, with now-common reference to the
right to water and sanitation. The connection between water and sanitation is clear: without
proper sanitation, human excreta contaminate drinking water sources, affecting water quality and
leading to disastrous health consequences. Water is further linked to sanitation because
waterborne sewerage systems are common in many parts of the world.
34. In its general comment No. 15 (2002) on the right to water, the Committee on Economic,
Social and Cultural Rights states that “the water supply for each person must be sufficient and
continuous for personal and domestic uses. These uses ordinarily include drinking, personal
sanitation, washing of clothes, food preparation, personal and household hygiene”.40 The
Committee specifies that “personal sanitation” means disposal of human excreta and “personal
and household hygiene” means personal cleanliness and hygiene of the household environment.
General comment No. 15 further notes that “ensuring that everyone has access to adequate
sanitation is not only fundamental for human dignity and privacy, but is one of the principal
mechanisms for protecting the quality of drinking water supplies and resources … States parties
have an obligation to progressively extend safe sanitation services, particularly to rural and
deprived urban areas, taking into account the needs of women and children”.41
35. While both the Special Rapporteurs on the right to health and on the right to adequate
housing refer to sanitation in the context of the rights falling under their mandates, they both also
specifically refer to a “right to water and sanitation”.42 The Sub-Commission on the Promotion
and Protection of Human Rights adopted in 2006 guidelines on the realization of the right to
drinking water and sanitation, also treating the two issues together. Regarding sanitation, they
specifically provide that “everyone has the right to have access to adequate and safe sanitation
that is conducive to the protection of public health and the environment”.43 The guidelines
further specify that sanitation must be physically accessible, culturally acceptable, safe, and
affordable.
39
E/CN.4/2006/45, paras. 129-130.
40
E/C.12/2002/11, para. 12 (a).
41
Ibid., para. 29.
42
See A/HRC/7/16, paras. 26-29; and A/62/214, para. 63.
43
E/CN.4/Sub.2/2005/25, para. 1.2.
Select target paragraph3
Connect to a paragraph
Connect to an entity
Disable highlights
Add to table of contents