A/HRC/44/41 procedure.62 In order to ensure that persons with disabilities are not discriminated against while seeking to report a violation or to obtain effective remedies, such mechanisms should be inclusive and accessible, including through the provision of procedural and age- and gender-appropriate accommodations (see A/HRC/37/25).63 Specific confidential processes should be followed, taking into account the barriers persons with disabilities might face. 69. Other processes linked to the principle of accountability of humanitarian actors to affected populations must also be inclusive of persons with disabilities. Indeed, humanitarian actors have a duty to make sure their assistance generates the best possible outcomes for all internally displaced persons, including those who may be less visible, such as persons with disabilities.64 F. Accessibility of services and infrastructure 70. Persons with disabilities often do not enjoy equal access to facilities and aid and may be excluded from relief efforts (CRPD/C/HTI/CO/1, para. 20 (c) and CRPD/C/UKR/CO/1, para. 22). They may be remotely settled from essential services such as health centres, schools, water and sanitation or collection points. They may have lost their assistive devices such as tricycles, wheelchairs, canes or crutches and not be informed of any procedure to obtain replacements, or the camp terrain may be too rough or rocky for wheelchairs. 65 71. Temporary shelters may not have ramps, wide doorways, accessible toilets or clear signage. Persons with disabilities may be excluded from financial grants or in-kind construction kits because of a lack of accessible information and assumptions and prejudices about their ability to build a shelter. The material distributed may include standard items, such as tents, sleeping mats and cooking utensils, that may not be adapted for persons with disabilities. In urban contexts, persons with disabilities are sometimes accommodated with host families who might not be aware of their support needs.66 72. Water and sanitation infrastructures may not be designed in a manner that allows everyone to use them in a safe and dignified manner. There may be no system in place to support persons with disabilities, including older persons, to fetch their own water. Latrines may lack ramps, wide doorways, seats and handrails, obliging wheelchair users to crawl on their hands on unclean and unsanitary floors. Some toilets and bathrooms do not provide enough privacy and security, particularly for women with disabilities. Furthermore, sanitary and incontinence products may not be available, requiring increased access to water and sanitation facilities. 73. Food security can also be a risk for displaced persons with disabilities. Households that include persons with disabilities are more likely to experience food insecurity, because they possess fewer economic resources and work opportunities, may require more health services and may incur extra costs and expenditure related to disability. 67 Food distribution points or information related thereto are often inaccessible. The food distributed may not be prepared or adapted for those who have difficulty in chewing or swallowing, or not be suitable for persons with particular nutritional requirements, in particular children with developmental issues and older persons. Persons with disabilities may lack adapted devices such as easy-to-grip utensils or straws. They may furthermore receive a lower level of priority 62 63 64 65 66 67 See International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, article 2 (3) and Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, article 13. See also Basic Principles and Guidelines on the Right to a Remedy and Reparation for Victims of Gross Violations of International Human Rights Law and Serious Violations of International Humanitarian Law and Global Protection Cluster Handbook for the Protection of Internally Displaced Persons, at www.unhcr.org/4794b4e12.pdf. See also Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, article 13, and Human Rights Council resolution 37/22. Inter-Agency Standing Committee guidelines, p. 43. See contributions from Amnesty International, Light for the World and UNFPA. See contribution from UNFPA. See also International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, All Under One Roof: Disability-inclusive Shelter and Settlements in Emergencies (2015). Inter-Agency Standing Committee guidelines, p. 93. 15