A/HRC/19/64 its attached list of programmes and projects, in cooperation with relevant international organizations; • To establish national follow-up and reporting mechanisms to confront the problems facing children and their families, most importantly child-help hotlines, Protection Committees, Ombudspersons for Child Protection and others; to initiate and support child protection observatories and centres and ensure that they are provided with the highest degree of autonomy; to designate a central authority to lead and coordinate combating violence against children; to encourage comparative studies and the exchange of experience between Arab countries in the field of child protection against all forms of violence, abuse, exploitation, neglect and abuse; • To harmonize child and family-oriented programmes and strategies, realizing that the family being the primary provider of care to the child; to adopt and implement policies for the protection of socially-deprived children, especially those without primary caregivers, and vulnerable children; to guarantee their access to education, health and social services; to intensify programmes for supporting the capacities of families and foster families who suffer from difficult social conditions • To enforce existing legislations and promulgate laws that incriminate the violation of the rights of the child and protect the child against all forms of exploitation, violence, neglect and ill-treatment especially with regards to female circumcision, sexual exploitation, early marriage, corporal punishment and trafficking of children; • To combat the phenomenon of child labour by promulgating and implementing legislations, rehabilitation of working children, ensuring their access to basic education or vocational training and to provide practical alternatives to increase their family income, with focus on prohibiting child labour in hazardous jobs; to monitor and exchange relevant information at the regional and international levels in addition to adopting a gender-based approach to all these fields; • To establish programmes that provide services for the prevention of violence against children and provide victims with the necessary support and care; and to take corrective measures in their favour; to strengthen punishments for different crimes committed against children; to take necessary measures to eliminate the phenomenon of impunity; to establish a judicial system for children covering judges, prosecutors, police, psychologists and social experts; and to accelerate the processing of all the court cases related to children; • To register every child at birth to preserve his right to an identity, a name, a nationality and to enforce laws and regulations to this effect; • To rehabilitate handicapped children and ensure their right on the basis of the principle of non-discrimination while giving due attention to the social care institutions that support them and seek to follow integrative policies, especially in educational institutions • To build and support the capacities of staff working with children in education and social care institutions, especially by providing social integration services through training and awareness programmes while focusing on establishing a code of ethics for those working in the fields of child care, protection and rehabilitation; • To include the concept of children participation and to define its different levels and required skills, in education curricula, school structures and social care institutions; to establish and activate child participation mechanisms in these institutions such as students councils, clubs for children, discussion groups, etc; to raise awareness among children of the importance of participation and dialogue within the family 39