A/HRC/42/24 49. Experts noted that there is frequently a striking absence of family planning and contraception in humanitarian preparedness and response plans and a lack of availability of a wide range of contraceptive methods, including the often-preferred copper intrauterine device (IUD), which inhibits the informed choice at the heart of a rights-based approach. Moreover, mobility is often restricted and educational opportunities curtailed in refugee or internally displaced person camp settings, two human rights violations which further restrict the ability of women and girls to access contraception. 50. An innovative good practice shared in this context involved women trained to use mobile technology to monitor and report on stock-outs of contraceptives. The results were then shared with humanitarian providers to inform programming. Other experts also highlighted the innovative opportunities technology is beginning to bring to ensuring sexual and reproductive health in emergencies. However, the use of information and communications technologies for health, or “eHealth”, may also lead to privacy concerns, including with respect to security of patient data and the role of the private sector in developing the technologies. 51. Another aspect highlighted, and one where human rights can play a particular role, concerns attacks against health workers as military targets or because of the kinds of services they provide. Experts highlighted the importance of documenting and analysing such attacks, understanding the impact they have on access to services and delivery as well as strategies developed to overcome them, and how to concretely strengthen protection of providers and women and girls seeking care. Attacks can also take many forms beyond armed force, including threats, legal attacks, criminalization, defamation campaigns and defunding. In addition, services are undermined in contexts where many service providers at the clinical level do not receive a salary and are facing human rights challenges which also need to be addressed. 52. In terms of quality, experts noted that, even when services and facilities are available, women and girls often do not seek them out not only because of security concerns or prohibitive costs, such as those related to travel, but because of the disrespect and abuse they may face and perceptions that the services provided are of low quality. This is compounded by the failure of donors to prioritize or fund respectful maternity care, as it is perceived to be a development and human rights, not a “humanitarian”, concern. Although the evidence is well established in stable settings, the importance of further research, including human rights analyses, on the experience of disrespect and abuse in health-care settings in emergencies was highlighted. 53. Health systems require reasonable capacity, with the availability of skilled human resources and quality medicines. It is difficult to attract skilled human resources to work in insecure and remote locations, in particular women skilled birth attendants, in contexts where the provision of sexual and reproductive health services is not considered life-saving and is deprioritized. Furthermore, a continuum of care needs to be emphasized at all stages of an emergency. Insecurity often restricts the critical provision of 24/7 services, such as emergency obstetric and neonatal care, especially when Governments and other actors cannot ensure the continuous protection of service providers. At the same time, experts noted that in other contexts the focus of providers was solely on providing emergency obstetric and neonatal care rather than comprehensive sexual and reproductive health services, which also led to gaps in service provision. 54. Good practices shared involved embedding core human rights principles into a nonnegotiable approach to health care, including standards of care that adopted the rights of patients as a core element of quality that was frontloaded into system delivery. This also involved adequate resourcing and trainings for service providers, in particular during preparedness but also at the onset of and during crises, through inclusion in refresher trainings, as well as continued follow-up through supervision. In a number of emergencies, this has led to rights-based services of high quality that were well received and responsive to individual demands and needs. 10