A/HRC/7/20
page 9
22. Since the implementation of the PRRO in June 2006, there are indications that WFP has
conducted some 58 monitoring visits per month. Under the letter of understanding between WFP
and the country on the issue, the authorities agreed that WFP staff may travel to the areas where
WFP food is distributed by WFP. The issue of limited access is well known to United Nations
agencies and there are steps to try to improve access. The Auditor recommends that “WFP
should critically review the reliability of food monitoring statistics and continue efforts to extend
field monitoring agreements to support unrestricted access wherever possible, to include
translators.”13
23. In this perspective, it is important to underline the need to generate food security in the
country, for which no foreign aid could be a substitute. This is very much linked with the need
for a sustainable development process based on broad people’s participation in income and food
generation, conservation and regeneration. The types of practical programming needed include
measures to deal with pre- and post-harvest losses, conservation of watershed areas, avoidance of
deforestation and overexploitation of ecologically sensitive land areas, and people’s participation
in planning to benefit from agricultural development.
C. Rights and freedoms: the insecurity factor?
24. Civil and political rights are severely constrained in the country due to the repression
imposed by the regime, coupled with intimidation and an extensive informant system, creating
insecurity among the general population. In this context, the authorities tend to divide the
population into three different groups: those close to the regime (the core mass), the group in the
middle (the basic mass), and those considered hostile to the regime (the complex mass).14 The
first group is the ruling elite, which is well endowed with privileges, such as access to special
schools and hospitals. They are allowed to own private phones and read foreign publications.
The second is the majority of the population, such as farmers and workers. They are provided
with food rations, although dwindling in recent years due to the Government’s experimentation
with the market economy and a reduction in the State-sponsored public distribution system. The
third group is considered to be the enemies of the State and is persecuted accordingly. They
include the landed class before the communist takeover of the country, public officials under
Japanese rule, religious groups, and those who assisted South Korean forces during the Korean
war (1950-1953). They are denied access to college education and are discriminated against in
their access to basic necessities such as housing, medical care and education. Many land up in
the appalling prisons referred to below. When people are punished for political reasons, there is
also the use of collective punishment or guilt by association against families.
25. Political participation in the democratic sense is non-existent, with the ruling party
dominating completely. There is rigid control over the media, and people are not allowed to
own mobile phones and computers without permission from the authorities. There are also
reports of a crackdown on cellphones.15 Yet, some inhabitants watch clandestinely video and TV
13
Ibid., para. 49.
14
White Paper 2007 ... (see note 9 above), p. 119.
15
White Paper 2007 ... (see note 9 above), p. xviii.
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